Mid Sweden University

This study aimed to explore the factors that influence developers’ perceptions of using AI in user interface (UI) automation. By identifying underlying factors, patterns, and relationships, the study contributes to a deeper understanding and aims to support future successful implementation of AI in automated UI testing. Data was gathered through semi-structured qualitative interviews and transcribed using the built-in tool in Teams, then manually verified against the audio recordings. The seven characteristic steps of thematic analysis were used and followed throughout the analytical process. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as the theoretical framework, interpreting the themes through two key concepts: perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), to explain acceptance of new technologies. The results revealed six themes: “Opportunities with AI”, “Restrictions”, “Verification and control”, “Acceptance, competence and resistance”, “Safety, security and fear”, “Future perspectives and competition”. The literature review was compared with empirical data, where similarities and deviations were identified. The findings suggest that the central challenge of user interface automation can be addressed through established AI tools and the potential of those still under evaluation. There is strong confidence in the future of AI in testing, and since the development appears inevitable, resistance is gradually being replaced by the need for adoption. Acceptance in hypothetical aspects is high, mainly regarding the perceived benefit from a futuristic perspective. Resistance is more often attributed to others than to oneself and negative factors for acceptance are caused by limited knowledge, competence, security and reliability. This leads to uncertainty and a passive attitude while waiting for new solutions and further development.