Mid Sweden University

This thesis explores Somalia as a failed state and how terrorism has impeded the reconstruction of a functional state. By comparing Al-Shabaab (AS) and the Islamic State in Somalia (ISS), using Neumann’s theory of new terrorism, three main differences are identified. Firstly, while both organizations share ideological foundations, they differ in their specific goals: AS is locally rooted, focusing on establishing an Islamic state in Somalia, whereas ISS has a global vision and aims to expand its caliphate. Secondly, their relationship with Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State has led to rivalry, impacting their operations. Lastly, AS possesses a capacity for mass casualty attacks, which ISS currently lacks. The findings of the study indicate that both AS and ISS have the potential to influence Somalia's state-building process, AS's deep local ties and ISS's ambitions for global jihad are particularly significant. To improve the situation in Somalia, a holistic strategy addressing the root causes of the conflict, strengthening state institutions, and promoting economic development and education is required. International cooperation is essential to combat terrorism, reduce AS's influence, and prevent ISS from emerging as a global terrorist actor.