Vaccinium arctostaphylos (Caucasian whortleberry) is one of the most important wild berries with remarkable properties that grows in Iran and the Caucasus region. The objective of this research is to determine the productivity and economic value of V. arctostaphylos fruits in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. We used a survey to determine the economic value and we conducted a forest inventory to estimate the fruit production. The inventory results revealed that the average number of bushes and fruit production were 3900 per ha and 137 kg per ha, respectively. The survey results showed that the total market margin of fruit production is 81.29%, which indicates that the intermediaries earn more profit than the local harvester. The profit gained from the forest due to harvesting of V. arctostaphylos fruit was 161 million IRR/ha or about 1238 USD per ha. The harvesting of this fruit has created job for 500 local people in the study area during the harvesting period. The net present value (NPV) of fruit production and timber harvesting was calculated for comparison. Results indicated that the NPV of fruit harvesting is 1.79 times higher than the NPV of timber harvesting. Regarding to the harvesting moratorium in Iranian Hyrcanian forests, an optimal and sustainable harvest of V. arctostaphylos fruit can be an important source of income for forest dwellers and local people.