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The Ritual Shift: Examining Religious Complexity in the Light of Life Cycle Rites
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences. (Forum för genusforskning FGF)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6408-2952
2025 (English)In: Changing Religiosities in the Nordic Countries: A Complexity Perspective / [ed] Peter B. Andersen and Peter Gundelach, Brill Academic Publishers, 2025, p. 98-117Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The ritual landscape in the Nordic countries is altering. The most significantchange is that more and more people are opting out of the Nordic majoritychurch rites of baptism, marriage, and burial. These church rites have longbeen strongly dominant in the Nordic culture and, for many members of theethnic majority, were related to more than a millennium of Christian culture. Whether one was a strong or weak supporter of the Christian doctrinesor beliefs, the baptized in the majority Lutheran churches were, for the mostpart, following the tradition. Today, the practice of life-cycle rites continues,but now it takes place more and more within other religious communities and,above all, in the private sphere, outside the orders of the religious communities. Another major change is the pursuit for authenticity in ritualisation. Thecollective, formalized rituals performed in the main Lutheran churches arechallenged by an experienced need for rituals being ‘personal’ and authentic.Many scholars say ritual practice changes indicate religious transformation insociety (e.g., deGroot 2017,Woodhead 2016, Beaman and Lefebvre 2014). In thispaper, we reflect on the patterns of ritual change that can be discerned in twoNordic countries, namely Norway and Sweden, regarding people’s practicesof weddings, baptisms, and burials. The aim is to examine what we call the‘ritual shift’ in relation to the main Lutheran churches’ life cycle ceremoniesand their public alternatives on the one hand and private rites on the other.Available studies and data, qualitative and quantitative, of ritual practices onindividual and organizational levelswill be utilized to identify the society-widetransformation and highlight the socially embedded factors that account forthe ritual shift. We argue that studies of life cycle ritual practices are centralto understanding religious complexity in society. Significant for studying theritual shift and amply for the religious complexity, we provide a structural andrelational perspective of the ritual practice and discuss how the market ofavailable options affects ritualisation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Brill Academic Publishers, 2025. p. 98-117
Series
International Studies in Religion and Society
Keywords [en]
Ritual, religious complexity
National Category
Sociology (Excluding Social Work, Social Anthropology, Demography and Criminology)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-56293DOI: 10.1163/9789004736818_006ISBN: 978-90-04-73680-1 (print)ISBN: 978-90-04-73681-8 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-56293DiVA, id: diva2:2022132
Available from: 2025-12-16 Created: 2025-12-16 Last updated: 2026-04-02

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Jarnkvist, Karin

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