Production of fiber composite materials such as Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard (PB) is in general based on wood as a raw material. However, cereal straws and other annual agriculture waste materials have regained an interest as a potential raw material for production of MDF. The cereal straws are among the most common lignocellulosic materials that are easily accessible, non-expensive and renewable. The aim of this investigation was to produce high performance MDF based on wheat straw and urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. The usage of UF-resin for wheat straw MDF-panels has so far resulted in acceptable strength properties but poor moisture resistance and thickness swelling (TS). Application of melamine modified UF-resin for wood based MDF has improved the moisture resistance of produced MDF panels. In this investigation two commercial melamine modified UF-resins were used as binders (adhesives) in the production of wheat straw MDF. Hammer milled wheat straw was treated with water and sulfuric acid (0.6 %) before refining. The reason was to improve the curing, conditions of the UF-resins by a reduction of the pH and the pH-buffering capacity of refined wheat straw fiber. Refining of wheat straw was performed at slightly lower pressure and retention time compared with refining of wood material. However, a lot of fines and dust (wheat straw fibers < 0.5 mm) were generated during refining. A hi-h resin content of the melamine modified UF-resin was necessary (15 %) to compensate for the high ratio of wheat straw fines and dust. Final panel properties of wheat straw MDF could meet the requirements of the MDF standard (EN 622-5:1997), including the TS. Strength properties as internal bond (IB) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were increased as a function of density. Thickness swelling was reduced as a function of density. The usage of wheat straw as a raw material in combination with a melamine modified UF-resin, as an adhesive, is a possible route for manufacturing of high performance Medium Density Fiberboard.