Mid Sweden University

This essay explores the relationship between language, power, and thought control in George Orwell’s 1984 (1949). It argues that Orwell portrays language not simply as a tool of oppression but as the very medium through which power operates and shapes thought. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of discourse, Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic power, and aspects of Marxist criticism, the essay examines how the Party’s manipulation of language—through Newspeak, censorship, and the rewriting of history—serves to regulate both knowledge and consciousness. At the same time, acts of personal expression, such as Winston’s diary or Julia’s use of forbidden speech, reveal that attempts to dominate language can paradoxically provoke awareness and defiance. By analyzing these moments, the essay demonstrates that Orwell’s novel exposes the fragility of totalitarian control and the dual nature of language as both an instrument of domination and a source of resistance. Ultimately, 1984 stands as a timeless warning of how the struggle over words is inseparable from the struggle over truth and freedom.