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  • 1.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Auktoriserade fastighetsvärderares syn på värdering: tankemönster om kommersiella fastigheter2012Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The valuation of commercial properties is about collecting, analyzing and assessing information. In addition to the fact that the properties' market values ​​are important to society as a whole, they are important to those who make decisions based on value statements. The purpose of this thesis is a) to identify how Swedish professional property valuers certified by ASPECT look at the value-influencing factors that determine the values of commercial properties when valuation is made prior to preparing financial statements and b) to compare and draw conclusions about the ASPECT certified property valuers´ thinking in terms of content, complexity and homogeneity and to what extent the thought patterns differ between different groups of property valuers.

    To map property valuers´ thought patterns I use Kelly´s (1955) Repertory Grid technique and complementary semi-structured interviews. I have interviewed nearly half (67) of the professional ASPECT certified property valuers in Sweden. The result shows three interpretable dimensions that can be considered central in the property valuers´ thought patterns.  The first dimension relates to the focus of valuation. It is about property valuers understanding that different kinds of information and assessment have different effects on property valuation on micro and macro levels. The micro level refers to the relation between properties and their property owner and macro level refers to the relation between properties and the market at large. The second dimension shows that verifiable information reflects that the property valuer understands that some information is more or less verifiable by the nature of information. The third dimension is related to the assessment´s complexity. It is about property valuers perceiving that different types of information are simpler and more complex to assess.

    The results indicate that ASPECT certified property valuers have relatively complex thought patterns. When certified property valuers are divided into groups based on different background variables, the three dimensions are in all groups. This indicates that property valuers also have relatively homogeneous thought structures. Some differences in complexity and homogeneity emerge, however. These differences are mainly based on the property valuers´ place of business and what universities they studied at.

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  • 2.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Fastighetspriser för småhus i Västernorrland2013Report (Other academic)
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  • 3.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    High-impact information types on market value: Property appraisers’ information sources and assessment confidence2018In: Journal of Property Research, ISSN 0959-9916, E-ISSN 1466-4453, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 139-163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This explanatory paper describes and analyses which types of information professional property appraisers perceive to have the most impact on a commercial property’s estimated market value, which information sources they primarily use, and how reliable they perceive the information sources to be. The paper also investigates whether appraisers’ perceptions differ depending on the location of the business. A sample of 67 authorised property appraisers in Sweden was surveyed using the repertory grid technique as a questionnaire tool (to investigate unconscious behaviour), and non-parametric statistics. Analyses of the data show that four types of information have the greatest impact on estimated market value: the local environment and location are perceived as reliable, and property appraisers have confidence in those assessments; rental income seems problematic, because the property owner is the major source of information; and property appraisers are not confident in assessments based on discount rates. This pattern holds for various geographical locations.

    High-impact information types on market value: Property appraisers’ information sources and assessment confidence

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  • 4.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    In the mind of the property appraiser: Studies of commercial property valuation2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A transparent market provides participants with as much information as possible. In Sweden, where the environment of commercial properties is highly transparent various actors still need to minimise some continuing information asymmetry, and one possibility is to hire property appraisers.

    Transparent commercial property markets are often regulated by governments and professional institutions. The combination of regulation and socialisation through memberships in professional associations and shared educational backgrounds, training, work experience, and institutional frameworks serve to produce and reproduce professional values and identities. The overall aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the Swedish profession of property appraisers as expressed through members’ perceptions and use of various standards and methods, ways of gathering information gathering, assessments of value-influencing factors, and their confidence in their own assessments when valuing commercial properties.

    The repertory grid technique was used to collect and analyse empirical data and to map the thought patterns of respondents in two main samples. The repertory grid interviews in 2010/2011 included about half of the appraisers in Sweden (67 of 138), and in 2015 just over half (81 of 145).

    This thesis concludes that Swedish authorised property appraisers use country dependent valuation standards and methods, but there are signs of their increased adoption internationally. Swedish appraisers gather and assess information in a similar way. Their aggregated thought patterns demonstrate relatively strong homogeneity and moderate complexity. However, the findings also reveal that appraisers’ thought patterns differ depending on the university from which they graduated. The appraisers graduated from the highest ranked university simplify their valuation judgements more than do other appraisers.

    During the valuation process, property appraisers gather and assess a large amount of information considered relevant for estimations of a property object’s market value. Four types of information (local environment, location, rental income, and discount rate) seem to have the greatest impact on the estimated market value. 

    The appraisers further perceive that these information types is common in that the decisions in the information gathering stage is critical to the entire valuation process when using clients as information sources. This seems to affect their perceived confidence at the assessment stage and, in turn, the final estimated market value. In situations where the appraisers have low confidence, they are left dependent on the clients, which risks reducing their independence. 

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  • 5.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Information processing and heuristics in the valuation process2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Information sources for commercial property valuations and their quality.2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose –This study describes and analyses Swedish authorized property appraisers use of information sources and information when appraisal commercial properties in different on geographical location, i.e. place of business.

    Design/methodology/approach –A survey was used for data collection. Half of the 138 authorized property appraisers in Sweden at the time ofthe study was participating. A questionnaire was finalised after completion of a pilot study and distributed in face-to-face interviews. The repertory grid technique was used as a questionnaire tool. Non-parametric statistical measures were used.

    Findings – Analysis of the data indicate that information sources is not always used depending on the relevance and the reliability of the information.

  • 7.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Professional valuer perception of client pressure: a study of two North-European countries2017In: Book of proceedings: 6th Malmö Real Estate Research Conference, Malmö University , 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Work in progress – an early draft

    Purpose – Independence is essential when a clients need an objective valuation of a commercial property. This study describes and analyses client pressure on property valuers in the light of their memberships of professional bodies when valuing commercial properties. A point of departure is Levy and Schuck’s (1999; 2005) theoretical model of factors affecting professional valuers.

    Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was finalised after completion of a pilot study, and was sent to all property valuers with general authorisation in Finland and Sweden in 2015/2016. A third of the AKAs in Finland (55 of 157) and more than half of the APAs in Sweden (73 of 145) participated in the study.

    Findings – Analyses of preliminary results show that the property valuers in general do not perceive pressure from clients, even though they perceive that clients to some degree questioning their estimated market values. The valuers are also influenced by property information from clients.

    Originality/value – This comparative Nordic study on client pressure is conducted in a highly transparent environment, and uses data from professional valuers.

  • 8.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Property valuation: How does education from a high status university effect the professional valuers value judgments?2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Värdepåverkande information vid bedömning av kommersiella fastigheters marknadsvärde2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Värdering av fastigheter utförs regelbundet inför olika sorters beslut. Med anledning av detta har Lina Bellman vid CER studerat vilka typer av information som fastighetsvärderare anser har störst inverkan på en kommersiell fastighets bedömda marknadsvärde. Studien, som även fokuserar på värderarnas val av informationskällor och deras självförtroende vid bedömningen av olika informationstyper, bygger på intervjudata från hälften av de som var auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare i Sverige år 2010 och 2011. Resultaten visar att fyra typer av information har störst inverkan på bedömt marknadsvärde. Microläge och geografiskt läge uppfattas som tillförlitlig information och värderarna anser sig ha gott självförtroende vid dessa bedömningar. Hyresintäkter verkar vara problematiska eftersom fastighets-ägaren då är den viktigaste informationskällan. Vidare saknar värderarna självförtroende gällande bedömningar av diskonteringsräntor. Forskningsresultaten har tidigare publicerats i den inter-nationella tidskriftsartikeln "High-impact information types on market value: Property appraisers’ information sources and assessment confidence" (Bellman, 2018).

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  • 10.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Värdering av kommersiella fastigheter – en empirisk studie av auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare och deras tankemönster2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Ekholm, Sara
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Giritli Nygren, Katarina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hemmingsson, Olov
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Jarnkvist, Karin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Kvarnlöf, Linda
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Lundgren, Minna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Olofsson, Anna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    ֖hman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Climate Change, Insurance, and Households: A Literature Review2016Report (Other academic)
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  • 12.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Gebert Persson, Sabine
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Kulander, Maria
    Högskolan i Gävle.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Boende för äldre: En studie av 10 kommuner2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Andelen äldre personer i det svenska samhället ökar. I Sverige finns boendeformer som på olika sätt är anpassade efter äldres behov. Hur utbudet av dessa för äldre individer anpassade boendeformer ser ut och vilken information kommuner ger till äldre kan ses som viktiga för att förstå om äldre väljer att bo kvar eller flytta.  I denna rapport kartläggs hur nuvarande utbud av de tre boendeformerna vård- och omsorgsboende, trygghetsbostäder och seniorbostäder ser ut på bostadsmarknaden vad gäller den äldre befolkningen i tio utvalda kommuner. I rapporten ligger tonvikten på kommunala företrädares uppfattningar och på kommunernas planer. För att få en större förståelse görs jämförelser med siffror från samtliga kommuner hämtade från Boverkets Bostadsmarknadsenkät (2014). Denna rapport är den första delen av en större studie som syftar till att undersöka push- och pullfaktorer som påverkar äldres val av boende. Av kartläggningen framgår att bostadsutbudet i de olika kommunerna skiljer sig åt, där vissa har bostadsöverskott medan andra har bostadsunderskott men där majoriteten av kommunerna erbjuder de tre olika boendeformerna. I storstadsregionen och i de större städerna finns ett utbud av samtliga tre boendeformer medan flera av glesbygdskommunerna saknar trygghetsbostäder. Rådgivning i de flesta kommuner är reaktiv snarare än proaktiv. I rapporten väcks frågan om hur vi ska se på boendet för de äldsta.                      

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  • 13.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Gebert-Persson, Sabine
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Giritli Nygren, Katarina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Nyhlén, Sara
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Olofsdotter, Gunilla
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Kvarnlöf, Linda
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Lidén, Gustav
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Olofsson, Anna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Att vända det onda till gott: möjligheter till nytänkande i mellersta Norrland till följd av den demografiska förändringen2015Report (Other academic)
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  • 14.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Hemmingsson, Olov
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Homeowners attitudes and behaviour related to climate change adaptation and insurance2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This quantitative study is a part of the research project The insurance industry and climate change: Short- and long-term consequences of home owner's understandings of risk, ability to pay and risk behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to analyse home owners’ perceptions and behaviours related to climate risks. The research question that the study seeks to answer is ‘What impact does social and spatial structures as gender, class, family status and housing region have for home owners’ perceptions of climate risks and precautionary behaviour related to climate change adaptation?’. To investigate this, a national survey was sent out to 3000 people, which resulted in a response rate of 30 percent.54 percent of the respondents are residential homeowners, and compose the core respondents of this study. Some preliminary results show that the respondents perceive climate change as a relatively sever risk compared to other kinds of risks, but at the same time are not very active in taking responsibility or otherwise acting to adopt society or their own homes to climate change. These results are further analysed and discussed using social and spatial factors.

  • 15.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Hemmingsson, Olov
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Olofsson, Anna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Konsekvenser av bostadsägares riskuppfattningar, betalningsförmåga och riskbeteende för försäkringsbranschen i ljuset av klimatrisker: Delrapport 12019Report (Other academic)
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  • 16.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Valuation standards and methods: Are Sweden’s(still) different?2019In: Journal of European Real Estate Research, ISSN 1753-9269, E-ISSN 1753-9277, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 79-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the methods and standards of valuation used by Swedish professional property valuers when appraising commercial properties and factors affecting those standards. The study builds on a 2002 comparative study of valuers in four European countries by McParland et al. (2002), but focuses specifically on property valuers in Sweden.

    Design/methodology/approach – In 2010-2011, a questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews with about half of the authorised property valuers in Sweden. Another questionnaire was emailed to all authorised property valuers in Sweden 2015 and again about half participated.

    Findings – Analysis of the results shows some new trends in used and preferred standards and methods. Although Swedish valuers still rely mainly on local guidelines, they now increasingly use international standards and company guidelines, which may indicate a growing, if indirect, form of internationalisation. Swedish valuers still use discounted cash flow as their primary method, but their use of comparative methods has increased.

    Originality/value – The data in this comparative study of valuation standards and methods over time used were collected from a specific group of property valuers authorised through the professional Swedish organisation Samhällsbyggarna (Swedish Professionals for the Built Environment), which contributes to an insight in the presiding of the harmonisation of valuation methods and standards.

  • 17.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH .
    Är fastighetsvärderingar att lita på för banker och andra aktörer?2015In: Trovärdighet och förtroende i ekonomiska relationer / [ed] Peter Öhman, Heléne Lundberg, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2015, 1, p. 75-93Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    How Does Education from a High-Status University Affect Professional Property Appraisers' Valuation Judgments?2016In: Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, ISSN 1521-4842, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 99-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The repertory grid technique is used to investigate professional property appraisers' thought patterns, and these patterns' complexity, with respect to the universities from which the appraisers graduated. Nearly half of Sweden's 138 authorized property appraisers participated in the study. The results indicate that the appraisers graduating from the university with the longest tradition of property education and ranked highest among the universities offering such education in Sweden have less complex thought patterns than do those graduating from other Swedish universities. This indicates that appraisers graduating from the highest ranked university simplify their valuation judgments more than do other appraisers.

  • 19.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare: utbildning och praktik2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Fastighetsvärderingar av kommersiella fastigheter är av både teoretiskt och praktiskt intresse. Av intresse är också vilken påverkan lärosätet har på auktoriserade fastighetsvärderares fastighets-värderingar och vad deras värderingar grundar sig på. Lina Bellman och Peter Öhman vid CER har fördjupat sig i dessa frågor och presenterar i denna kortrapport analyser av data från nära hälften av alla auktoriserade fastighetsvärderare i Sverige. Resultaten visar att skillnader mellan olika lärosäten påverkar fastighetsvärderarnas tankemönster och att denna påverkan består även efter det att fastighetsvärderarna fått sina auktorisationer. Forskningsresultaten har tidigare publicerats i de internationella tidskriftsartiklarna "Authorised property appraisers’ perceptions of commercial property valuation" (Bellman och Öhman, 2016) och "How does education from a high-status university affect professional property appraisers' valuation judgments?" (Bellman, Lind och Öhman, 2016).

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  • 20.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Authorised property appraisers’ perceptions of commercial property valuation2016In: Journal of Property Investment & Finance, ISSN 1463-578X, E-ISSN 1470-2002, Vol. 34, no 3, p. 225-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the thought patterns of authorized property appraisers (APAs) when valuing commercial properties, and draw conclusions about their collective thinking in terms of content, complexity, and homogeneity. Design/methodology/approach – A standard set of value-adding factors and bipolar constructs was included in a grid form used for data collection. The repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze the thought patterns of nearly half of the APAs in Sweden. Findings – Analysis of the mean grid for all respondents revealed three dimensions in the aggregated APA thought pattern: property object – property market focus, abstract – specific information, and expert – superficial assessments. The aggregated thought pattern was found to be moderately complex, and the APAs demonstrated relatively strong homogeneity in their thought patterns. Practical implications – Based on the moderate complexity and relatively strong homogeneity in respondent thought patterns, this study discusses the upcoming establishment of a profession. Originality/value – To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study using the repertory grid technique to map and analyze APA thought patterns at an aggregated level.

  • 21.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Fastighetspriser för hyreshus i Västernorrland2013Report (Other academic)
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  • 22.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    How authorized property appraisers perceive information for valuation of commercial properties2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This study describe and analyze authorized property appraisers’ (APAs) thought patterns when commercial properties are valued, and compare and draw conclusions about their thinking in terms of content, complexity and homogeneity.

    Design/methodology/approach – First, a standard set of elements and constructs was included in the grid form (used for data collection). Second, the repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze the thought patterns of nearly half (67) of the authorized APAs in Sweden.

    Findings - Analysis of the individual grids and the mean grid of all respondents demonstrated similarities in the APAs construing and revealed relatively homogeneous thought patterns. Accordingly, the APAs seem encouraged by general guidelines (such as Swedish Annual property Index valuation guidance), and by guidelines and ethical rules prepared by the APAs own organization. At the same time the APAs thought patterns were found to be relatively complex. They focus on several kinds of information and their assessments are perceived to effect property valuation on micro and macro levels differently.

    Practical implications – Based on the homogeneity in the APA’s thought patterns, this study discusses if authorized APAs have begun a “legitimacy journey” towards an upcoming establishment of a profession.

     

    Originality/value – To the auditors knowledge this is the first study using the repertory grid to map and analyse APA’s thought patterns at an aggregated level.

  • 23.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    How authorized property appraisers perceive information for valuation of commercial properties: A repertory grid study2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Värdering av kommersiella fastigheter2012Report (Other academic)
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  • 25.
    Gebert Persson, Sabine
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law. Uppsala Universitet.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Flyttkedjor och boende på ålderns höst2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta projekt har Sabine Gebert Persson och Lina Bellman vid CER bedrivit tillsammans med Hans Lind vid KTH och Maria Kulander vid högskolan i Gävle. Syftet var att studera utbud av bostäder för äldre samt vilka push- respektive pullfaktorer som påverkar äldres val av boende. Resultaten visar att det saknas en samsyn om bostadsformer, majoriteten av kommunerna har reaktiv informationsspridning och boendemiljö är den faktor som påverkar mest. Resultaten från projektet har tidigare publicerats i rapporterna "Vad påverkar äldres val av boendeform" (Gebert Persson, Bellman, Kulander och Lind, 2015) och "Boende för äldre: En studie av 10 kommuner" (Lind, Kulander, Gebert Persson och Bellman, 2015).

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  • 26.
    Gebert-Persson, Sabine
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    von Koskull, Catharina
    University of Vaasa.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    I don’t want to be a burden to my children: a study of older adults’ perceptions of senior housing in Sweden and Finland2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – Research focusing on wellbeing of individuals and communities, i.e. transformative service research (TSR), has become one of the top priorities in service research. TSR is still in its infancy and more research is needed in this area. This paper contributes to TSR by studying older adults’ perceptions of the transition from independent living at home to dependent living in senior housing with assisted care.

    Methods – The paper draws on the findings of a large scale survey with older adults conducted in Sweden, and an eight months long ethnographic field study conducted at a senior housing site in Finland.

    Findings– We identified a complex range of issues motivating older adults to move into senior housing with assisted care. Through the lens of selfdetermination theory we suggest that the more intrinsic the motives are to make such a transition, the greater the potential for experiencing eudaimonic wellbeing. While this insight is not groundbreaking, thus far transformative research has not investigated this topic.

    Conclusions – As more individuals live longer and the older adults grow in size as a group, the demand on care service is increasing. Assistance will be needed for daily living and developing senior housing that support wellbeing is essential to meet these consumer needs.

  • 27.
    Jarnkvist, Karin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Narratives of climate risks in relation to housing2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This qualitative study is a part of the research project The insurance industry and climate change: Short- and long-term consequences of home owner's understandings of risk, ability to pay and risk behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to get a deeper understanding of how homeowners’ construct risk of climate change in relation their own homes. Interviews with 27 households including 35 individuals in five regions in Sweden have been made. The interviewees live in one family houses; some in old ones and others in new built houses, some live at the countryside and others in cities. The thematic narrative analysis of the results reveal that social categories such as gender, class, age, educational level and geographic setting intersect in the construction of risk. Several different narratives are discovered in the material, in which the construction of risk of climate change in relation to the homes of the narrators is made in altered ways.

  • 28.
    Jarnkvist, Karin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Ekholm, Sara
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Berättelser om klimatrisker och boende: Sociala strukturers betydelse för hur bostadsägare förhåller sig till klimatrisker i relation till sina bostäder2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten redovisar resultat från en del av ett projekt om hur bostadsägare uppfattar och hanterar klimatrisker i relation till sina bostäder. Syftet med delprojektet är att få en fördjupad förståelse för bostadsägares riskuppfattningar och riskbeteenden samt hur dessa relaterar till olika sätt att resonera om försäkringsfrågor. Som ett led i detta undersöker vi hur olika berättelser om risk skapas i relation till sociala och rumsliga strukturer. Studien har genomförts på lokal nivå i områden som betraktas som utsatta för klimatrelaterade risker i större eller mindre omfattning, såväl i stad som glesbygd. En tredjedel av de 44 intervjuade personerna bor i nybyggda hus och resten bor i äldre hus. De flesta intervjuer har utförts som medföljande observationer, där vi besökt bostadsägarna i deras hem och låtit dem berätta om hur de uppfattar och hanterar klimatrelaterade risker i förhållande till bostadens utformning och lokalisering samt hur de resonerar om olika försäkringsfrågor. Vid analysen av materialet har intervjuerna kategoriserats i totalt sju så kallade riskberättelser, baserat på olika förhållningssätt till klimatrelaterade risker. För att förstå hur olika uppfattningar om risk skapas i relation till sociala och rumsliga strukturer har vi använt intersektionell riskteori vid analysen av de olika riskberättelserna. Resultaten indikerar att individens sociala och rumsliga kontext har betydelse för såväl riskuppfattning som riskbeteende och attityd till försäkringar vilket skapar olika förutsättningar för vilken beredskap försäkringstagare har i fråga om klimatrelaterade risker. Samhället lägger idag ett stort ansvar på hushållen att själva förebygga och hantera skador orsakade av väderrelaterade händelser. Våra resultat visar att människor med hög utbildning, goda ekonomiska möjligheter och/eller hantverksskicklighet troligen klarar sig bra i ett sådant system eftersom de har såväl kunskap som ekonomisk möjlighet att göra praktiska och ekonomiska åtgärder för att skydda sig mot olika former av risker. Även kön har betydelse för hur människor uppfattar och hanterar klimatrisker i relation till bostaden eftersom hus och försäkringsfrågor av många betraktas vara männens ansvarsområde. Lågavlönade, ensamstående kvinnor i riskutsatta områden och personer med dålig hälsa riskerar stå utan skydd i ett samhälle där bostadsägaren bär det främsta ansvaret för sin och husetssäkerhet.

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  • 29.
    Kulander, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, Avdelningen för ekonomi, Nationalekonomi..
    Gebert-Persson, Sabine
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Does the choice of living depend on where you live?2019In: Book of proceedings: 8th Malmö Real Estate Research Conference / [ed] Peter Palm, Malmö: Department of Urban Studies, Malmö University , 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For many years, it has been policy in Sweden to help elderly people remain in their current homes for as long as possible. Earlier research has been performed in the USA (Gibler and Clements III, 2011) and in China (Jia and Heath, 2016), but these questions remain understudied in Sweden. Kulander (2018) showed a model of the demand for adapted houses that was designed and tested on data gathered in Gävle in 2012. The method uses a binary choice model with stated preference data. In this article, we would like to test this model on a more general basis to see whether the result is the same no matter if the respondents live in an urban or rural area. An argument is that urban areas have a higher population density and thus higher taxes, higher demands on property and greater spread in the demography. This could be set in relation to the more rural areas characterized by low population density where the younger generation move to urban areas where the jobs are, which in turn creates supply of properties higher than the demand. In order to capture the pattern of the life cycle in housing, data for this paper has been gathered in Stockholm, Vallentuna, Uppsala, Sundsvall, Vansbro, Sollefteå, Torsby, Ragunda and Överkalix during 2015. From 7000 questionnaires that has been sent responses from about 40 % persons was received. Data indicate a difference between rural and urban areas as expected.

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