Mittuniversitetet

miun.sePublikationer
Ändra sökning
Avgränsa sökresultatet
1 - 12 av 12
RefereraExporteraLänk till träfflistan
Permanent länk
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annat format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annat språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Träffar per sida
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sortering
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Författare A-Ö
  • Författare Ö-A
  • Titel A-Ö
  • Titel Ö-A
  • Publikationstyp A-Ö
  • Publikationstyp Ö-A
  • Äldst först
  • Nyast först
  • Skapad (Äldst först)
  • Skapad (Nyast först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Äldst först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyast först)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidigaste först)
  • Disputationsdatum (senaste först)
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Författare A-Ö
  • Författare Ö-A
  • Titel A-Ö
  • Titel Ö-A
  • Publikationstyp A-Ö
  • Publikationstyp Ö-A
  • Äldst först
  • Nyast först
  • Skapad (Äldst först)
  • Skapad (Nyast först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Äldst först)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyast först)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidigaste först)
  • Disputationsdatum (senaste först)
Markera
Maxantalet träffar du kan exportera från sökgränssnittet är 250. Vid större uttag använd dig av utsökningar.
  • 1. Ferritsius, O
    et al.
    Ferritsius, R
    Reyier, S
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    The influence of process design on the distribution of fundamental fibre parameters2009Ingår i: Proceedings - 2009 International Mechanical Pulping Conference, IMPC 2009, 2009, s. 160-168Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fibres from wood, TMP and paper have been characterized with respect to the distribution of their bonding ability by using the BIN method. The parameter Fe describes the wideness of the distribution. Counter rotating refiners yield fibres with lower Fe as compared to single disc refiners. Single disc refiners yield a relatively higher amount of lower bonding fibres. Spruce fibres are developed in refining in such a way that the differences in bonding between fibres with low and high bonding will increase, thus resulting in a wider distribution. The parameter S reflects this.

     

     

  • 2.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för kemiteknik.
    Ferritsius, Rita
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för kemiteknik. Stora Enso Kvarnsveden.
    Rundlöf, Mats
    Capisco.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    Dalarna University.
    Engberg, Birgitta A.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för kemiteknik.
    Heterogeneity of Thermomechanical and Chemi-thermomechanical Pulps described with distributions of an independent common bonding factor on particle level2022Ingår i: BioResources, ISSN 1930-2126, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 17, nr 1, s. 763-784Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Particles in mechanical pulp show a wide variety but are commonly described using averages and/or collective properties. The authors suggest using distributions of a common bonding factor, BIND (Bonding INDicator), for each particle. The BIND-distribution is based on factor analysis of particle diameter, wall thickness, and external fibrillation of several mechanical pulps measured in an optical analyser. A characteristic BIND-distribution is set in the primary refiner, depending on both wood and process conditions, and remains almost intact along the process. Double-disc refiners gave flatter distributions and lower amounts of fibres with extreme values than single-disc refiners. More refining increased the differences between fibres with low and high BIND. Hence, it is more difficult to develop fibres with lower BIND. Examples are given of how BIND-distributions may be used to assess energy efficiency, fractionation efficiency, and influence of raw material. Mill scale operations were studied for printing-grade thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and board-grade chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), both from spruce.

  • 3.
    Ferritsius, Rita
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    Development of TMP fibers in LC- and HC-refining2012Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 27, nr 5, s. 860-871Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Low consistency (LC) refining and high consistency refining (HC) has been studied in a TMP mill. When strength properties were increased, the development of fiber properties was different in LC- and HC-refining. Fiber curl decreased in LC-refining but increased in HC-refining. LC-refining decreased fiber curl and increased tensile index simultaneously in this study. It is therefore likely that the decreased fiber curl contributes to the increase of tensile index in LC-refining. Furthermore, fiber wall thickness decreased and external fibrillation increased in HC-refining, while these properties were only slightly influenced in the LC-refining. Fibrillation was found to decrease in most cases for LC-refining while fiber wall thickness index increased slightly but consistently, which might indicate a less dense structure of the fiber wall or its surface layers. Double-disc HC-refining with the same energy input as in a conical single-disc refiner resulted in fibers of higher external fibrillation, lower fiber wall thickness and higher fiber curl at a given fiber length. The results indicate that analyzing individual fiber dimensions could be a better tool for understanding how fibers develop in different kinds of refining than analyzing conventional handsheet properties.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    IMP_fibers_Ferritsius
  • 4.
    Reyier, Sofia
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    Bonding Ability Distribution of Fibers in Mechanical Pulp Furnishes2008Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här studien presenterar en metod för att mäta fördelning av fiberbindning i mekaniska massor. Metoden hoppas kunna användas industriellt, där i dagsläget enbart medelvärden används för att mäta fiberbindnings-fördelning, trots råvarans (fibrernas) morfologiska skillnader.

     

    Fem mekaniska massor (Massa A-E) från olika massaprocesser men från samma råvara, norsk gran (Picea Abies), har fraktionerats i hydrocykloner med avseende på fiberbindningsförmåga. Från hydrocyklon-fraktioneringen bildades fem strömmar, Ström 1-5. Varje ström plus injektet (Ström 0) fraktionerades också med avseende på fiberlängd i en Bauer McNett för att kunna jämföra fibrerna vid samma fiberlängd (Bauer McNett silplåtarna 16, 30, 50 och 100 mesh användes).

     

    Fiberbindingsförmåga i den här studien härrör till fiberns flexibilitet och förmåga att skapa stora kontaktytor med andra fibrer, vilket bidrar till papprets yt- och styrkeegenskaper.

     

    Ström 1 visade sig ha den högsta fiberbindningsförmågan, utvärderat som dragstyrka och densitet av långfiberark, samt yttre fibrillering och kollaps resistans index mätt i den optiska analysatorn FiberLabTM. Akustisk emission och tvärsnittsanalyser visade samma resultat. Ström 5 visade sig ha den lägsta fiberbindningsförmågan, med en avtagande skala från Ström 1 till Ström 5. Andelen fibrer från injektet som gick ut med varje hydrocyklon-ström ansågs också vara ett mått på fibrernas bindningsförmåga i varje massa.

     

    Genom att kombinera fiberegenskaperna kollaps resistans och yttre fibrillering från den optiska mätningen på varje fiber genom linjär regression, kunde Bindnings Indikator (BIN) predikteras. Medelvärdet av Bindnings Indikator för varje hydrocyklon-ström korrelerar med dragstyrka för långfiber-labark.

     

    Det visade sig att predikterad Bindnings Indikator inte bara fungerade för Massa A och Massa B P16/R30 fraktionen, som var de fraktioner som användes i den linjära regressionen, utan även för Massa C-E, P16/R30, och Massa A-E P30/R50 som också visade goda korrelationer med långfiber-dragstyrka när de sattes in i BIN-formeln.

     

    BIN-formeln användes sedan för varje enskild fiber, i den rådata som levererats från FiberLabTM. Detta gjorde det möjligt att få en BIN-distribution av fibrerna, d.v.s. en fördelning av fiberbindningsförmåga.

     

    Den här rapporten visar också hur det går att få BIN-distributioner också från mätningar på hela massan, för valbara fiberlängder, utan att först mekaniskt separera massan efter fiberlängd. Det är viktigt, då metoden är tänkt att användas som en industriell metod, och eventuellt som en online-metod. Förhoppningsvis kommer BIN-metoden att bli ett användbart verktyg för processutveckling- och optimering i framtiden.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 5.
    Reyier, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    Ferritsius, O
    Ferritsius, R
    BIN - A method to measure the distribution of fiber bonding ability2009Ingår i: Proceedings - 2009 International Mechanical Pulping Conference, IMPC 2009, 2009, s. 292-297Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fiber bonding ability is highly affecting the structure, strength, and surface of printing papers, and is very much dependent on the inhomogeneity of the raw material; a mixture of early- and latewood fibers. However, until recently, only average values have been used to evaluate fiber bonding ability. In this paper, a method to measure the distribution of fiber bonding ability, BIN, is presented. BIN, Bonding Indicator, is calculated by combining external fibrillation and collapse resistance index (calculated from fiber wall thickness and fiber width) from optical measurements.

     

     

  • 6.
    Reyier, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    BIN - a method of measuring the distribution of Bonding Indicator of fibers in mechanical pulp furnishesManuskript (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 7.
    Reyier, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik. Stora Enso Kvarnsveden, SE-781 91 Borlänge, Sweden.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Stora Enso Falun Research Center, S Mariegatan 18, SE-791 80 Falun, Sweden.
    Shagaev, O
    Noss AB, Box 20, SE-60102, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Ways to measure the bonding ability distribution of fibers in mechanical pulps2007Ingår i: International Mechanical Pulping Conference 2007, TAPPI, TAPPI Press, 2007, Vol. 1, s. 97-111Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, experiences are reported from our work of developing a method for characterizing fibers with respect to their distribution in fiber bonding ability. As a first step to develop a method, fibers from two commercial TMPs have been fractionated in a four stage hydrocyclone system. The feed pulp was separated into five streams. The fiber bonding ability of R16, P16/R30 and P30/R50 Bauer McNett fractions collected from each stream were analyzed. Five different ways of evaluating fiber bonding ability showed that the fibers were separated in the hydrocyclones according to bonding ability. It was found that both fibrillation and collapse resistance index (CRI) of the fibers are required in order to well predict tensile strength of handsheets made from fiber fractions. CRI was calculated from optical measurements of cell wall thickness and fiber width. We also propose how to describe the distribution in fiber bonding ability for mechanical pulps. A method to calculate fracture toughness of handsheets based on acoustic emission is also illustrated. A more rapid method for characterizing fibers in mechanical pulps with respect to their bonding ability distribution needs to be developed in the future.

  • 8.
    Reyier, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Shagaev, Oleg
    Measuring the bonding ability distribution of fibers in mechanical pulps2008Ingår i: TAPPI Journal, ISSN 0734-1415, Vol. 7, nr 12, s. 26-32Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, the pulp and paper industry mainly uses average values of   mechanical pulp properties to characterize fibers, while printing paper   grammages keep decreasing, making every fiber more important for   strength, surface, and structure properties. Because fibers are   inhomogeneous, average values of the whole pulp may not be enough for   proper fiber characterization. This paper reports results from the   development of a method to measure the distribution of fiber bonding   ability in mechanical pulps.   Fibers from two commercial TMPs were fractionated into five   hydrocyclone streams, using a four-stage hydrocyclone system. The fiber   bonding ability of Bauer McNett fractions R16, P16/R30 and P30/R50   collected from each stream was analyzed. Five different methods of   evaluating fiber bonding ability all showed that fibers were separated   in the hydrocyclones according to their bonding ability.   Long fiber handsheets of the highest bonding fibers had up to 2.5 times   higher tensile strength for the P16/1330 fraction than handsheets from   the lowest bonding fibers. We also found that both the degree of   fibrillation and collapse resistance index (CRI) of the fibers obtained   from optical measurements are sufficient to predict quite accurately   the tensile strength of handsheets made from fiber fractions. Further,   we propose how to describe the distribution in fiber bonding ability   for mechanical pulps, by combining some of these five different   methods. A method to calculate fracture toughness of long fiber   handsheets based on acoustic emission is also illustrated.   A more rapid way to characterize fibers in mechanical pulps with   respect to their bonding ability distribution needs to be developed in   the future. It appears that it is time to move on from characterizing   pulp suspensions and handsheet properties using conventional approaches   based on average values.

  • 9.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik.
    Distributions Of Fiber Characteristics As A Tool To Evaluate Mechanical Pulps2015Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Mechanical pulps are used in paper products such as magazine or news grade printing papers or paperboard. Mechanical pulping gives a high yield; nearly everything in the tree except the bark is used in the paper. This means that mechanical pulping consumes much less wood than chemical pulping, especially to produce a unit area of printing surface. A drawback of mechanical pulp production is the high amounts of electrical energy needed to separate and refine the fibers to a given fiber quality. Mechanical pulps are often produced from slow growing spruce trees of forests in the northern hemisphere resulting in long, slender fibers that are well suited for mechanical pulp products. These fibers have large varieties in geometry, mainly wall thickness and width, depending on seasonal variations and growth conditions. Earlywood fibers typically have thin walls and latewood fibers thick. The background to this study was that a more detailed fiber characterization involving evaluations of distributions of fiber characteristics, may give improved possibilities to optimize the mechanical pulping process and thereby reduce the total electric energy needed to reach a given quality of the pulp and final product. This would result in improved competitiveness as well as less environmental impact. This study evaluated the relation between fiber characteristics in three types of mechanical pulps made from Norway spruce (Picea abies), thermomechanical pulp(TMP), stone groundwood pulp (SGW) and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). In addition, the influence of fibers from these pulp types on sheet characteristics, mainly tensile index, was studied. A comparatively rapid method was presented on how to evaluate the propensity of each fiber to form sheets of high tensile index, by the use of raw data from a commercially available fiber analyzer (FiberLabTM). The developed method gives novel opportunities of evaluating the effect on the fibers of each stage in the mechanical pulping process and has a potential to be applied also on‐line to steer the refining and pulping process by the characteristics of the final pulp and the quality of the final paper.

    The long fiber fraction is important for the properties of the whole pulp. It was found that fiber wall thickness and external fibrillation were the fibercharacteristics that contributed the most to tensile index of the long fiber fractions in five mechanical pulps (three TMPs, one SGW, one CTMP). The tensile index of handsheets of the long fiber fractions could be predicted by linear regressions using a combination of fiber wall thickness and degree of external fibrillation. The predicted tensile index was denoted BIN, short for Bonding ability INfluence. This resulted in the same linear correlation between BIN and tensile index for 52 samples of the five mechanical pulps studied, each fractionated into five streams(plus feed) in full size hydrocyclones. The Bauer McNett P16/R30 (passed 16 meshwire, retained on a 30 mesh wire) and P30/R50 fractions of each stream were used for the evaluation. The fibers of the SGW had thicker walls and a higher degree of external fibrillation than the TMPs and CTMP, which resulted in a correlation between BIN and tensile index on a different level for the P30/R50 fraction of SGW than the other pulp samples. A BIN model based on averages weighted by each fiber´s wall volume instead of arithmetic averages, took the fiber wall thickness of the SGW into account, and gave one uniform correlation between BIN and tensile index for all pulp samples (12 samples for constructing the model, 46 for validatingit). If the BIN model is used for predicting averages of the tensile index of a sheet, a model based on wall volume weighted data is recommended. To be able to produce BIN distributions where the influence of the length or wall volume of each fiber is taken into account, the BIN model is currently based on arithmetic averages of fiber wall thickness and fibrillation. Fiber width used as a single factor reduced the accuracy of the BIN model. Wall volume weighted averages of fiber width also resulted in a completely changed ranking of the five hydrocyclone streams compared to arithmetic, for two of thefive pulps. This was not seen when fiber width was combined with fiber wallthickness into the factor “collapse resistance index”. In order to avoid too high influence of fiber wall thickness and until the influence of fiber width on BIN and the measurement of fiber width is further evaluated, it is recommended to use length weighted or arithmetic distributions of BIN and other fiber characteristics. A comparably fast method to evaluate the distribution of fiber wall thickness and degree of external fibrillation with high resolution showed that the fiber wallthickness of the latewood fibers was reduced by increasing the refining energy in adouble disc refiner operated at four levels of specific energy input in a commercial TMP production line. This was expected but could not be seen by the use of average values, it was concluded that fiber characteristics in many cases should be evaluated as distributions and not only as averages.

    BIN distributions of various types of mechanical pulps from Norway spruce showed results that were expected based on knowledge of the particular pulps and processes. Measurements of mixtures of a news‐ and a SC (super calendered) gradeTMP, showed a gradual increase in high‐BIN fibers with higher amounts of SCgrade TMP. The BIN distributions also revealed differences between the pulps that were not seen from average fiber values, for example that the shape of the BINdistributions was similar for two pulps that originated from conical disc refiners, a news grade TMP and the board grade CTMP, although the distributions were on different BIN levels. The SC grade TMP and the SC grade SGW had similar levels of tensile index, but the SGW contained some fibers of very low BIN values which may influence the characteristics of the final paper, for example strength, surface and structure. This shows that the BIN model has the potential of being applied on either the whole or parts of a papermaking process based on mechanical or chemimechanical pulping; the evaluation of distributions of fiber characteristics can contribute to increased knowledge about the process and opportunities to optimize it.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    Ferritsius, Rita
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för tillämpad naturvetenskap och design.
    The influence of fiber dimensions on mechanical pulp long fiber tensile index and density2012Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 27, nr 5, s. 844-859Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study discusses how fiber dimensions affect the tensile index and density of long fiber laboratory sheets. Five commercial mechanical pulps (three TMP grades, one SGW and one CTMP) were fractionated into five streams in a hydrocyclone pilot plant. Fiber dimensions and fibrillation were analyzed of the P16/R30 and P30/R50 fractions and compared to the sheet properties. For comparison, samples were also analyzed by SEM cross-sectional image analysis and in a MorFi Lab optical analyzer. Fibrillation index showed a high positive influence on long fiber tensile index and density, whereas fiber wall thickness, fiber width, and collapse resistance index a negative. Fiber width showed the vaguest correlation to long fiber tensile index and density of the analyzed fiber properties, but this increased when combined with fiber wall thickness into collapse resistance index, CRI. The correlations between fiber properties and sheet properties were on different levels for the different mechanical pulping processes, but a combination of collapse resistance index and fibrillation index into the novel factor BIN, Bonding ability INfluence, gave one linear relation of high correlation to long fiber tensile index for all pulps, except the SGW P30/R50 fraction, which showed the same linear correlation on a slightly lower level. BIN should be a useful tool in characterizing mechanical pulp fibers.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    Reyier_fiber_dimensions
  • 11.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik. Stora Enso Printing & Reading R&D, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik.
    Ferritsius, Rita
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik. Stora Enso Kvarnsveden Mill, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Johansson, C-A
    Stora Enso Printing & Reading R&D, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Stångmyr, J
    Stora Enso Kvarnsveden Mill, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Weighted averages and distributions of fibre characteristics of mechanical pulps – Part II: Distributions of measured and predicted fibre characteristics by using raw data from an optical fibre analyser2016Ingår i: Appita journal, ISSN 1038-6807, Vol. 69, nr 1, s. 64-73Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Characterisation of fibres in mechanical pulps is important for process evaluation and control, and necessary to be able to optimise the refining process with respect to the total electric energy consumption. There are large variations of cross-sectional fibre characteristics in the wood raw material which influence the properties of the product. Despite this, it is common to evaluate the fibre characteristics as averages instead of distributions. This study shows that the raw data from a FiberLab analyser can be used to make distributions of measured and predicted fibre characteristics. The factor BIN (Bonding ability /Nfluence), which correlates to long fibre tensile index, includes both the external fibrillation and wall thickness of each fibre. Distributions of BIN, fibrillation and wall thickness which take the Characteristics of each fibre into Consideration have higher resolution than histograms. These distributions weighted by length and wall volume with maintained resolution revealed more information about the pulps than average values.

  • 12.
    Reyier Österling, Sofia
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik.
    Ferritsius, Olof
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik.
    Ferritsius, Rita
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för kemiteknik.
    Stångmyr, J.
    Stora Enso Kvarnsveden Mill, Borlange, Sweden.
    Weighted averages and distributions of fibre characteristics of mechanical pulps Part I: Various methods of weighting data from an optical analyser can give averages that rank pulps differently2015Ingår i: Appita journal, ISSN 1038-6807, Vol. 68, nr 4, s. 357-368Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To improve the operation and energy efficiency of mechanical pulping processes, the effect of each stage of the process on the fibres should be carefully evaluated. Fibre-data from an optical analyser were used to predict tensile index by calculating BIN (Bonding ability /Nfluence). Wall volume weighted averages of wall thickness index and fibrillation index gave the most accurate predictions of the tensile index of laboratory sheets made from long fibre fractions of various mechanical pulps. Fibre width index, when used as a single factor, reduced the accuracy of the model. The ranking of some samples changed when fibre width was wall volume weighted compared to arithmetic. When fibre width was combined with wall thickness to give a collapse resistance index, no rankings changed. Weighted averages based on squared fibre length (length(2)) showed poor correlation to wall volume weighted averages for cross-sectional fibre dimensions, and resulted in different levels of correlation to long fibre tensile index for the five evaluated pulps.

1 - 12 av 12
RefereraExporteraLänk till träfflistan
Permanent länk
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annat format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annat språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf