A noncommutative KdV-type equation is introduced extending the Bäcklund chart in Carillo et al. [Symmetry Integrability Geom.: Methods Appl. 12, 087 (2016)]. This equation, called meta-mKdV here, is linked by Cole-Hopf transformations to the two noncommutative versions of the mKdV equations listed in Olver and Sokolov [Commun. Math. Phys. 193, 245 (1998), Theorem 3.6]. For this meta-mKdV, and its mirror counterpart, recursion operators, hierarchies, and an explicit solution class are derived.
Classes of third order non-Abelian evolution equations linked to that of Korteweg-de Vries-type are investigated and their connections represented in a non-commutative Bäcklund chart, generalizing results in [Fuchssteiner B., Carillo S., Phys. A 154 (1989), 467-510]. The recursion operators are shown to be hereditary, thereby allowing the results to be extended to hierarchies. The present study is devoted to operator nonlinear evolution equations: general results are presented. The implied applications referring to finite-dimensional cases will be considered separately.
The recursion operators admitted by different operator Burgers equations, in the framework of the study of nonlinear evolution equations, are here considered. Specifically, evolution equations wherein the unknown is an operator acting on a Banach space are investigated. Here, the mirror non-Abelian Burgers equation is considered: it can be written as rt=rxx+2rxrrt=rxx+2rxr. The structural properties of the admitted recursion operator are studied; thus, it is proved to be a strong symmetry for the mirror non-Abelian Burgers equation as well as to be the hereditary. These results are proved via direct computations as well as via computer assisted manipulations; ad hoc routines are needed to treat non-Abelian quantities and relations among them. The obtained recursion operator generates the mirror non-Abelian Burgers hierarchy. The latter, when the unknown operator rr is replaced by a real valued function reduces to the usual (commutative) Burgers hierarchy. Accordingly, also the recursion operator reduces to the usual Burgers one.
Connections via Bäcklund transformations among different nonlinear evolution equations are investigated aiming to compare corresponding Abelian and non Abelian results. Specifically, links, via Bäcklund transformations, connecting Burgers and KdV-type hierarchies of nonlinear evolution equations are studied. Crucial differences as well as notable similarities between Bäcklund charts in the case of the Burgers-heat equation, on one side, and KdV-type equations, on the other, are considered. The Bäcklund charts constructed in [16] and [17], respectively, to connect Burgers and KdV-type hierarchies of operator nonlinear evolution equations show that the structures, in the non-commutative cases, are richer than the corresponding commutative ones.
The present work continues work on KdV-type hierarchies presented by S. Carillo and C. Schiebold ["Noncommutative Korteweg-de Vries and modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchies via recursion methods," J. Math. Phys. 50, 073510 (2009)]. General solution formulas for the KdV and mKdV hierarchies are derived by means of Banach space techniques both in the scalar and matrix case. A detailed analysis is given of solitons, breathers, their countable superpositions as well as of multisoliton solutions for the matrix hierarchies. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3576185]
Here, noncommutative hierarchies of nonlinear equations are studied. They represent a generalization to the operator level of corresponding hierarchies of scalar equations, which can be obtained from the operator ones via a suitable projection. A key tool is the application of Baumlcklund transformations to relate different operator-valued hierarchies. Indeed, in the case when hierarchies in 1+1-dimensions are considered, a "Baumlcklund chart" depicts links relating, in particular, the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) to the modified KdV (mKdV) hierarchy. Notably, analogous links connect the hierarchies of operator equations. The main result is the construction of an operator soliton solution depending on an infinite-dimensional parameter. To start with, the potential KdV hierarchy is considered. Then Baumlcklund transformations are exploited to derive solution formulas in the case of KdV and mKdV hierarchies. It is remarked that hierarchies of matrix equations, of any dimension, are also incorporated in the present framework.
The noncommutative Burgers recursion operator is constructed via the ColeHopf transformation, and its structural properties are studied. In particular, a direct proof of its hereditary property is given. © S. Carillo and C. Schiebold.
An operator-theoretic method for the investigation of nonlinear equations in soliton physics is discussed comprehensively. Originating from pioneering work of Marchenko, our operator-method is based on new insights into the theory of traces and determinants on operator ideals. Therefore, we give a systematic and concise approach to some recent developments in this direction which are important in the context of this paper. Our method is widely applicable. We carry out the corresponding arguments in detail for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and summarize the results concerning the Korteweg-de Vries and the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation as well as for the sine-Gordon equation. Exactly the same formalism works in the discrete case, as the treatment of the Toda lattice, the Langmuir and the Wadati lattice shows.
We characterize the N-soliton solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation with degenerate velocities, i.e., solutions in which two or more soliton velocities are the same, which are obtained when two or more discrete eigenvalues of the scattering problem have the same real parts. We do so by employing the operator formalism developed by one of the authors to express the N-soliton solution of the NLS equation in a convenient form. First we analyze soliton solutions with fully degenerate velocities (a so-called multi-soliton group), clarifying their dependence on the soliton parameters. We then consider the dynamics of soliton groups interaction in a general N-soliton solution. We compute the long-time asymptotics of the solution and we quantify the interaction-induced position and phase shifts of each non-degenerate soliton as well as the interaction-induced changes in the center of mass and soliton parameters of each soliton group.
The first main aim of this article is to derive an explicit solution formula for the scalar 2d-Toda lattice depending on three independent operator parameters, ameliorating work in [29]. This is achieved by studying a noncommutative version of the two-dimensional Toda lattice, generalizing its soliton solution to the noncommutative setting.
The purpose of the applications part is to show that the family of solutions obtained from matrix data exhibits a rich variety of asymptotic behaviour. The first indicator is that web structures, studied extensively in the literature, see [4] and references therein, are a subfamily. Then three further classes of solutions (with increasingly unusual behaviour) are constructed, and their asymptotics are derived.
It is well known that the Sylvester matrix equation AX + XB = C has a unique solution X if and only if 0 ∉ spec(A) + spec(B). The main result of the present article are explicit formulas for the determinant of X in the case that C is one-dimensional. For diagonal matrices A, B, we reobtain a classical result by Cauchy as a special case. The formulas we obtain are a cornerstone in the asymptotic classification of multiple pole solutions to integrable systems like the sine-Gordon equation and the Toda lattice. We will provide a concise introduction to the background from soliton theory, an operator theoretic approach originating from work of Marchenko and Carl, and discuss examples for the application of the main results.
We treat the Toda lattice equation with operator methods and derive an explicit solution formula in terms of determinants. As an application, we investigate solutions which are given by special settings. In the finite-dimensional case matrices in Jordan canonical form give rise to a new class of solutions. Within this class the well-known N-soliton solutions can be recovered by the special choice of diagonal matrices. Moreover, using diagonal operators we get solutions depending on an infinite number of parameters. We comprehensively discuss the case involving diagonal operators and show that it can be reduced to a very particular situation.
Multiple pole solutions consist of groups of weakly bound solitons. For the (focusing) nonlinear Schrodinger equation the double pole solution was constructed by Zakharov and Shabat. In the sequel particular cases have been discussed in the literature, but it has remained an open problem to understand multiple pole solutions in their full complexity.
In the present work this problem is solved, in the sense that a rigorous and complete asymptotic description of the multiple pole solutions is given. More precisely, the asymptotic paths of the solitons are determined and their position-and phase-shifts are computed explicitly. As a corollary we generalize the conservation law known for the N-solitons. In the special case of one wave packet, our result confirms a conjecture of Olmedilla.
Our method stems from an operator theoretic approach to integrable systems. To facilitate comparison with the literature, we also establish the link to the construction of multiple pole solutions via the inverse scattering method. The work is rounded off by many examples and MATHEMATICA plots and a detailed discussion of the transition to the next level of degeneracy.
We study a non-commutative version of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations and construct a family of solutions generalizing naturally the soliton to the non-commutative setting. From this we derive explicit solution formulas as well for the scalar as for the matrix-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation which still depend on operator parameters.
We extend a solution method used for the one-dimensional Toda lattice in [1], [2] to the two-dimensional Toda lattice. The idea is to study the lattice not with values in $\mathbb{C}$ but in the Banach algebra ${\cal L}$ of bounded operators and to derive solutions of the original lattice ($\mathbb{C}$-solutions) by applying a functional $\tau$ to the ${\cal L}$-solutions constructed in 1. The main advantage of this process is that the derived solution still contains an element of $\cal L$ as parameter that may be chosen arbitrarily. Therefore, plugging in different types of operators, we can systematically construct a huge variety of solutions. In the second part we focus on applications. We start by rederiving line-solitons and briefly discuss discrete resonance phenomena. Moreover, we are able to find conditions under which it is possible to superpose even countably many line-solitons.
The main result is a very general solution formula for the noncommutative AKNS system, extending work by Bauhardt and P¨oppe. As anapplication, we construct for the matrix sine-Gordon equation N-soliton solutions analogous to the multisoliton solutions for the KdV equation due toGoncharenko.
The present work studies structural properties of the recursion operator of the noncommutative KdV equation. As the main result, it is proved that this operator is hereditary. The notion of hereditary operators was introduced by Fuchssteiner for infinite-dimensional integrable systems, building on classical concepts from differential topology. As an illustration for the consequences of this property, it is deduced that the flows of the noncommutative KdV hierarchy mutually commute.
Starting from the recent work on noncommutative AKNS systems for functions with values in the bounded operators on a Banach space, it is shown how their formal 1-soliton solution (depending on operator parameters) can be mapped to solutions of matrix AKNS systems. The main result is rather general solution formulas for matrix AKNS systems. The most important applications are the countable superposition of matrix solitons and explicit expressions for the soliton-like solutions of the classical AKNS system.