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  • 1. Aabrekk, S.
    et al.
    Tommerup, H.
    Svendsen, S.
    Mahapatra, Krushna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development.
    Gustavsson, Leif
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development.
    Paiho, S.
    Ala-Juusela, M.
    Deliverable 2.2 Possible market strategies for one stop shops of renovation of single family house.: Report prepared for Nordic Innovation Centre2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The document describes examples of missions, visions and strategies based on the potentialpiloting models defined in report 3.2. It is based on status of interest amongst thestakeholders, and the information, figures and challenges which were discussed in the reportD 2.1 Stakeholder interests. The different service models will request different missionsdepending on the stakeholder in charge of the model. Also visions and strategies could bedifferent depending on the composition of services (core business) offered within each pilot aswell as the additional services offered by sub suppliers and the network connected to the pilot.In the report D2.1 Stakeholders interests, the following 5 different piloting models aresuggested:Type 1 Joint venture of industry, retailers and contractorsType 2 Joint venture of construction/renovation, industry and architect/engineering companiesType 3 Complementary businesses expand their business into renovationType 4 Joint venture of type house producer, bank and home owner associationType 5 Energy/building consultant, real estate agent and financing institutions, e.g. bankIn this report we have described mission, vision and market strategies for 4 existing orproposed models; The Project Manager by Bolig Enøk, from Norway (type 1), ENRA concept(type 2) and K-Rauta & Rautia (type 3) from Finland, and ProjectLavenergi (type 2) fromDenmark. Cleantech by Dong Energy (type 3) from Denmark is also addressed, but notdescribed in detail. As there is no concrete examples representing two of the models fromD2.1 (types 4 and 5), we have made a theoretical exercise in developing mission, vision andmarket strategies for type 5 model, while type 4 is not handled.It may be concluded that there are commercial actors in different parts of the value chainwhich see an opportunity in developing different approaches of “one stop shops” for energyefficient holistic renovations. The concepts are still in a development phase and differ inrespect to how they are organised (as supply side). We may say that the pilots in the differentcountries also find inspiration from each other through this research project. Due to thecomplexity of a holistic renovation project, it is a prerequisite with good partnerships even inthe development phase. In all identified models there is however one main actor taking thelead and ownership to the business model.Independent of the business model the responsible company needs to make some strategicchoices. The starting point is the SWOT analysis which sums up all major challenges for therespective business model. How the strategies should be developed is described in this report.Although the main target group for this report is companies seeing an interest in developingbusiness models for renovation, we found some important issues identified in the SWOTanalysis which the authorities may influence including lack of interest in the market (need ofmore public attention through holistic campaigns), fragmented solutions (stop subsidisingsingle measures without a holistic plan), serious vs unserious companies (need of certificationsystems to build credibility), cost focus leads to limited renovation (need of subventionschemes for holistic retrofitting including tax deduction measures) and finally lack incompetence within companies (need of support to training and collaboration acrosscompanies).

  • 2.
    Aaby, Jovanna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Entreprenörskap i Sverige och Japan: En komparativ studie utifrån GEM 20072011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose with this thesis has been to compare entrepreneurship in Sweden and in Japan. It has also been to get a wider understanding why two so different countries both have a low level of entrepreneurship compared to other countries. Since the subject is wide I have chosen to delimitate to data from GEM 2007.

    Methodology: In this thesis I have compared entrepreneurship in Sweden and in Japan. This I have done by obtaining secondary data from GEM’s report from 2007. My approach in this thesis has foremost been abductive. 

    Theoretical perspectives: Wennekers (2006) have studied the U-shape curve that occurs when you put entrepreneurship in relation to economic growth. Countries tend to go from a high level of entrepreneurship to a low level when they go from agricultural economy to an industrial economy. Then they tend to go up again when they reach a advanced level of economic development. However countries seem to differ when it comes to entrepreneurship despite this relation and the differences seems to be lasting. Wennekers (a.a.) believe that these differences has to do with cultural differences rather than economics differences since cultural differences are relatively immutable over time.

    Empirical foundation: GEM stands for Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and is a not-for-profit academic research consortium. Their goal is to make international research of high quality about entrepreneurial activity in the world that is able to reach a wide public. GEM’s study is the biggest study in the world about entrepreneurial activity and started 1999. In this thesis I have used data from GEM’s report from 2007, which is the latest report with both Sweden and Japan.

    Conclusions: In a comparison between Japan and Sweden I have found some similarities but mostly differences. This suggests that there are no simple answers to a low level of entrepreneurship in a country. However, in my opinion, I think that the national experts were right to put government policies as the biggest problem for Sweden and Cultural, Social norms as Japan’s biggest problem.

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  • 3.
    Aalberg, Toril
    et al.
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
    de Vreese, Claes H.
    University of Amsterdam.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Media and Communication Science.
    Strategy and Game Framing in European News2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Aalberg, Toril
    et al.
    Norges Naturvetenskapliga-Tekniska Universitet.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Media Driven Men and Critical Women: Perceptions of Media Relations Among Members of Parliament in Norway and Sweden2009In: International Society of Political Psychology’s 32 Annual Conference, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Aalberg, Toril
    et al.
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Trondheim, Norge.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Media-driven Men and Media-critical Women?: An Empirical Study of Gender and MPs’ Relationships with the Media in Norway and Sweden2011In: International Political Science Review, ISSN 0192-5121, E-ISSN 1460-373X, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 167-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is an investigation of how members of the Norwegian and the Swedish parliaments relate to and perceive their relationships with the media. Based on surveys conducted among members of the Norwegian Storting and the Swedish Riksdag, we find that male MPs have more frequent and somewhat less formal relationships with media and journalists compared with female MPs. The results also suggest that male MPs have adapted to the media and their logic more than female MPs. Female MPs also appear to be more critical towards the requirements imposed on politicians who want to get media exposure, compared with male MPs. Analysis reveals that gender differences are smaller among Swedish than Norwegian MPs.

  • 6.
    Aalberg, Toril
    et al.
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    de Vreese, Claes H.
    University of Amsterdam.
    Is Game the Name of the Frame?2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Aalberg, Toril
    et al.
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norge.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    de Vreese, Claes H.
    University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    The framing of politics as strategy and game: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings2012In: Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism, ISSN 1464-8849, E-ISSN 1741-3001, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 162-178Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A key concept in research on the media coverage of politics is the game or strategy frame. Contrasted with coverage of politics as issues, theframing of politics as a strategic game is marked by features such as winning and losing as the central concern and a focus on how candidates or parties are doing in opinion polls. The pervasiveness of such framing is, however, disputed since (1) the way in which the frames are conceptualized and operationalized differs significantly; and (2) while some use terms such as 'game frame' and 'strategy frame' as synonymous, others argue that there is a conceptual difference between them. Against this background, this article reviews research on the media's framing ofpolitics as a strategic game, what concepts have been used, and how they have been operationalized; and suggests a synthesis and ways of improving conceptual clarity and comparability in research on the media's use of strategy and/or game frames. © SAGE Publications 2011.

  • 8. Aamodt, A.
    et al.
    Gundersen, O. E.
    Loge, J. H.
    Wasteson, Elisabet
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Szczepanski, T.
    Case-based reasoning for assessment and diagnosis of depression in palliative care2010In: Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2010, p. 480-485Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The goal of the research presented is to create a computational framework and system architecture for clinical decision support in palliative care. The application focused is the classification of depression. The method under investigation is case-based reasoning, motivated by the complexity of the domain and a lack of generalized principles of sufficient coverage and strength for diagnosis and treatment. A system architecture is described and exemplified through an implemented prototype. The outcome of the research so far is a system that captures the properties intended, and for which a clinical test set-up has been defined. © 2010 IEEE.

  • 9.
    Aarseth, Nora
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    ”Jag vill men jag kan inte” Kvinnors upplevelse av att inte våga bli gravida igen till följd av förlossningsrädsla2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 10.
    Aarts, Kees
    et al.
    University of Twente.
    Fladmoe, Audun
    Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Media and Political Trust Across Countries2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Aarts, Kees
    et al.
    University of Twente, Netherlands.
    Fladmoe, Audun
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Strömbäck, Jesper
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Media, Political Trust, and Political Knowledge: A comparative perspective2012In: How Media Inform Democracy: A Comparative Approach / [ed] Aalberg, Toril & Curran, James, London: Routledge, 2012, 1, p. 98-118Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Aasa, Liv
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Thor, Sofia
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Socialarbetares känsla av sammanhang och uppfattningar av ledarskap inomsocialtjänsten2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetsmiljö och utbrändhet har ett samband och faktorer som hög arbetsbelastning, dåligtstöd från kollegor och otydlighet är bidragande till utbrändhet och tidigare forskning visar påatt det finns en koppling mellan ledarskap och stress. Denna kvantitativa studie, som har entvärsnittsdesign, har undersökt sambandet mellan känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) ochledarskap inom socialtjänsten samt i vilken utsträckning socialarbetare upplever känsla avsammanhang på sin arbetsplats. För att undersöka detta har en enkätundersökning, byggd påAntonovskys självskattningsformulär KASAM-29, gjorts på 42 socialarbetare i tre olikakommuner i Jämtlands län. Kvantitativa dataanalyser i form av bivariata sambandsanalyserhar gjorts. Resultatet visar att socialarbetarna i genomsnitt hade en hög KASAM-nivå och attdet finns ett starkt samband mellan ledarskap och KASAM. Däremot krävs vidare forskningför att förstå orsakssambandet.

  • 13.
    Aasa, Malin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).
    Berglund, Åsa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).
    “Det är väl bara att äta”: Sjuksköterskans perspektiv av att vårda tonåringar med anorexia nervosa2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 14.
    Aasen, Elin Margrethe
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences in Aalesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NOR).
    Dahl, Berit Misund
    Department of Health Sciences in Aalesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NOR).
    Ottesen, Aase Marie
    Aalborg University (DNK).
    Strunck, Jeanne
    Aalborg University (DNK).
    Eriksson, Henrik
    Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Dahlborg, Elisabeth
    Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Boman, Åse
    Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Vestgarden, Lisbeth Alnes
    Department of Health Sciences in Aalesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NOR).
    Tengelin, Ellinor
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV). Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - avancerad nivå.
    Scandinavian Online Cancer Information as Expressions of Governmentality2023In: Advances in Nursing Science, ISSN 0161-9268, E-ISSN 1550-5014, Vol. 46, p. 293-305Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We compared online distributed information provided to patients with cancer in Scandinavian countries through the lens of governmentality. A secondary comparative qualitative analysis was conducted. Discourses in online patient information showed differences in governmentality techniques across the countries: Norway used a paternalist approach, Denmark an educative approach, and Sweden an individualistic approach and expected the patients to make the “right” decisions. Online information for patients with cancer in Denmark and Norway showed high professional and health care system involvement, whereas in Sweden, there was high patient involvement. There was almost no use of the person-centered approach among the online discourses

  • 15.
    Aban, Dara
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Slöjans revolution – Irans väg mot demokrati?: En kvalitativ fallstudie om demokratiseringsprocessen i Iran och dess förutsättningar för demokrati2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to attempt to answer if, and if so, which phase of the democratization process Iran is in, and what the country’s prerequisites for democracy look like. The study is a qualitative case study and is mainly based on Dankwart Rustow’s transition theory, Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison’s social movement theory and Sharon E. Nepstad’s theory about revolutions and non-violent movements. I also present Robert A. Dahl’s polyarchy theory to explain the overarching definition of democracy the study is based on and to find out the level of democracy in the Iranian society. The primary purpose is thus to present if, and if so, which phase has been fulfilled, according to Rustow’s transition theory. I will also present the social movements in the context of the ongoing protests and if and how social media has had an impact.

    Iran does almost fulfil the two first phases in Rustow’s transition theory, and the social movements can be interpreted as mostly nonviolent, which is a normal way to go to reach a democratic transition. But with the empirical basis it seems that the state is not interested in talks and use violent methods against the protesters. Certain democratic principles are followed, but these at limited through a complex system which almost completely limits the possibility to fulfil Dahl’s institutions. Being located among authoritarian states doesn’t neither improve the possibilities for a democratic transition, and despite a more united population than before it can be stated, due to a excluding opposition, that an Iranian democracy is out of reach and the underlying reasons are mainly due ethnic, religious and political differences.

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  • 16.
    Abazi, Agon
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Lindström, Robin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Effektiviseringsmöjligheter på Tunadals sågverk: med innesäljarprocessen i fokus2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The investigation was initiated because of the high workload of the sellers and, additionally, because the Tunadal sawmill has received low ratings in customer surveys. Thus,  two main approaches are adopted here,  the first being to investigate which of the three methods  of working, namely, market divided flow organization, function organizationand flow organization with collaboration, proves to be the most beneficial. The second is to investigate whether there is an available method to ease the daily work. A literature review has been made in order to determine more efficient ways for the sellers to work in the Tunadal sawmill. During the investigation, an in-depth investigation into the total quality management using a balanced scorecard as a management tool was conducted. To identify the current problems, interviews and workshops were conducted with the department members. A customer survey was sent to the customers in order to obtain some indication in relation to their opinions. The results showed that there are many unnecessary working operations such as control, duplication of work and problem solving. Communication between the various departments and individuals proved to sometimes be poor.  A major reason for the sellers’ problems regarding workload was due to the unavailability of goods on the discharge date. Many benefits are associated with the collaborative flow organization as this increases the holistic view and can assist in relation to communication. The function based method of working would, however, lead to greater isolation of the functions in the business. Very little work regarding identification of problems that occur in the processes exists and focus on working with improvements is limited. It would be advantageous to work with total quality management using the balanced scorecard as a management tool in the flow organization based on cooperation as this also promotes the holistic approach.

    Keywords:Efficiency improvement, total quality management, balanced

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    Effektiviseringsmöjligheter på Tunadals sågverk - med innesäljarprocessen i fokus
  • 17.
    Abbas, Tanja
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Social Work.
    Ali, Zahra
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Social Work.
    ”När livet står på spel, då lämnar hon”: En kvalitativ studie om vändpunkten som får kvinnor att lämna sin förövare2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18.
    Abbas, Umar
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Quality Management and Mechanical Engineering.
    Barnets bästa – en utveckling inom Kriminalvården: En fallstudie om hur kriminalvården utvecklar sin verksamhet efter att barnkonventionen blev lag i Sverige.2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The starting point for the study was that the Swedish Prison and Probation Service received criticism from the Committee on the Rights of the Child when it comes to children of parents who are deprived of their liberty, criticism that children travel far to visit their parents, and criticism that children who travel far may not automatically extend their visit to certain institutions. At the same time, research has pointed to challenges and important conditions for considering the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the prison service. In a Swedish context, after the Convention on the Rights of the Child becomes law in Sweden in 2020, the organizational development with regard to fulfilling children's rights in the public sector has been relatively unexplored. The research aims to fill part of that knowledge gap. The purpose of the study is to see how the Swedish Prison and Probation Service develops with regard to compliance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The issues focus on how the prison service improves its activities in order to constantly consider the Convention on the Rights of the Child in matters concerning children. The study was conducted through a qualitative study. Data collection for this study was done through semi-structured interviews, nine respondents who are children's representatives at different levels in the hierarchy in the region west. The study shows that the Swedish Prison and Probation Service controls processes centrally from above by informing legislation, national guidelines for communicating how the Convention on the Rights of the Child is taken into account to regions and then to local units. Then each unit interprets the guidelines in the way that suits the unit type, such as detention, institution, or probation. The study shows that more cooperation is needed between different authorities to promote work for the best interests of the child. According to the study, however, it is not enough to consider children's conventions in the handbooks or through training, but there must be a personal commitment on the part of employees considered customer-oriented.

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  • 19.
    Abbasghomi, Amir
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences.
    Olsson, Markus
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences.
    Svårt sjuka barn i prehospital miljö: -        En intervjustudie om ambulanssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda svårt sjuka eller skadade barn prehospitalt2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 20.
    Abbasi, M.
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm.
    Bäckström, Joakim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Cornell, A.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm.
    Fabrication of Spin-Coated Ti/TiHx/Ni-Sb-SnO2 Electrode: Stability and Electrocatalytic Activity2018In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 165, no 9, p. H568-H574Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel three-layer anode having the composition Ti/TiHx/Ni-Sb-SnO2 (Ti/TiHx/NATO) was successfully prepared by a spin-coating and pyrolysis process aiming at a long service lifetime and good electrocatalytic properties for ozone formation. The TiHx as an interlayer was produced by electrochemical cathodic reduction of a coated layer of the TiOx on the titanium substrate. Spin coating and thermal decomposition were used to deposit the Sn-Sb-Ni precursor on the surface of the prepared Ti/TiHx electrode. Cyclic and linear scanning voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to reveal the electrode performance and morphology. Results show that the onset potential for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of Ti/TiHx /NATO is higher than for Ti/NATO. They also indicate that the service lifetime of the Ti/TiHx/NATO is twice as long as the Ti/NATO at a current density of 50 mA.cm(-2) at room temperature. Electrochemical ozone generation and degradation of the methylene blue were investigated to confirm selectivity and activity of the electrodes. After 5 min electrolysis, a current efficiency for ozone generation of 56% was obtained the electrode with TiHx while 38% was obtained on Ti/NATO under same conditions. The results also confirm that the Ti/TiH x /NATO has a higher kinetic rate constant and decolorization efficiency for removal of the methylene blue compare to the Ti/NATO. The rate constant for the pseudo-first ordered reaction of methylene blue degradation showed high values of 350 x 10(-3) min(-1) for Ti/NATO and 440 x 10(-3) min(-1) for Ti/TiHx/NATO. 

  • 21.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Determinants of social inequalities in cardiovascular disease among Iranian patients2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest cause of mortality in the world. Similar to other health issues, CVD is generally affected either by individual risk factors, which may influence the risk for developing an illness or its complications, or by social indicators (social determinants of health). There is evidence from developed countries which shows that the so-called "upstream factors"—including social determinants such as political, social, spiritual, cultural, and economic factors—may affect the prevalence and incidence of CVD. Scarce evidence from studies in low- and middle-income countries also suggests that social factors may affect the distribution of CVD across population groups. However, there is a dearth of such data in Iran, where only a few small-sizedstudies have focused on the social determinants of health. Therefore, the present thesis sought to fill this gap by assessing the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on the distribution of CVD and the relevant inequalities within the Iranian context.

    Methods: This thesis is based on four studies, which used data from the Tehran Heart Center’s Databases. In Study I, a total of 44,820 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Tehran Heart Center between 2005 and 2010 were recruited. Then, their pre- and post-procedural data—including demographics, CVD risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory tests—were compared between men and women. In Study II, 6,246 patients with acutecoronary syndrome who were hospitalized between March 2004 and August 2011 were included and, based on their education and their employment status, were divided into high- and low-SES groups. Thereafter, the effect of SES on the in-hospital death of the patients was evaluated. In Study III, 20,165 patients with documented coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography at Tehran Heart Center were enrolled and CVD risk factors and severity (measured by the Gensini score) were assessed among the six major Iranian ethnic groups. In Study IV, 9,088 patients with acute coronary syndrome who were hospitalized at Tehran Heart Center between May 2007and June 2014 were recruited and the association between in-hospital death due to acute coronary syndrome and place of residence (rural/urban) was assessed using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

    Results: In this thesis, the data analyses were based on the hypothesis that there is a potential association between the different socioeconomic indicators and the selected cardiovascular outcomes. In Study I, among the recruited participant, 25,363 men and 11,995 women had coronary artery disease and the women not only were significantly older, less educated, and more overweight but also had higher blood levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar than the men. Moreover, hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed the strongest association in the women with coronary artery disease (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 3.28to 3.61 and OR=2.37, 95% CI: 2.26 to 2.48, respectively). In addition, the frequency of post-procedural recommendations for non-invasive procedures was higher in the women than in the men (20.1% vs 18.6%; P<0.001). In StudyII, of the 6,246 recruited patients with acute coronary syndrome, 3,290individuals were considered low-SES and 2,956 high-SES individuals. In-hospital death occurred in 79 (1.26%) patients: 1.9% in the low-SES and 0.6% in the high-SES groups. After adjustment for the possible cofounders, our multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant effect of the patients’ SES on their in-hospital death and a lower in-hospital mortality rate was shown in the high-SES patients (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.98; P=0.046). In Study III, the Fars (8.7%) and Gilak (8.6%) ethnic groups had the highest frequency of having at least four simultaneous risk factors. Additionally, the mean Gensini score was lowest in the Lurs (67.5±52.8) and highest among the Gilaks (77.1±55.9). The multivariable regression analysis indicated that the Gilaks showed the worst CVD severity (β: 0.056, 95% CI: 0.009 to 0.102; P=0.018), followed by the Turks (β: 0.032, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.059; P=0.020), and the lowest CVD severity, was detected in the Lurs (β: -0.087, 95% CI: -0.146 to -0.027;P=0.004). Study IV showed that while smoking (P=0.002), positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), higher body mass index (P=0.013),and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026) were more prevalent in the urban patients, the rural patients showed lower educational levels (P<0.001) and higher frequency of unemployment (P=0.009). Meanwhile, in-hospital death occurred in 135 (1.5%) patients: 125 (1.5%) urban and 10 (1.2%) rural. To adjust the effects of the possible confounders, we utilized the Firth regression model, which showed no significant difference regarding in-hospital death betweenthe rural and urban patients (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585).

    Conclusions: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of social determinants (particularly SES) on CVD and its modifiable risk factors among Iranian patients. Results showed that medical treatment for CVD was more recommended (by treating physicians) to the women than the men, and the low-SES patients with acute coronary syndrome were more likely to die in the hospital than their high-SES counterparts. In addition, the thesis found heterogeneity in the distribution of the traditional risk factors for CVD as well as CVD severity in the major Iranian ethnic groups. Further, there were no differences concerning the in-hospital death rates due to acute coronary syndrome between the urban and rural patients after adjustment for the potential confounders.

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  • 22.
    Abbasi, Seyed H
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    De Leon, AP
    Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Intitutet, Sweden.
    Kassaian, SE
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi.,, AA
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Soares, Joaquim J. F.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Macassa, Gloria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Gender Differences in the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iran2012In: Iranian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 0304-4556, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 36-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Given gender differences in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), the present study sought to investigate these dissimilarities amongst patients who underwent angiography at a major, tertiary heart hospital in Iran. Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, 44,820 patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in a registry. Pre-procedural data such as demographics, CAD risk factors, presenting symptoms, and laboratory tests, as well as postprocedural data were collected. The data were, subsequently, compared between the men and women. Results: Out of the 44,820 patients (16,378 women), who underwent coronary angiography, 37,358 patients (11,995 women) had CAD. Amongst the CAD patients, the females were not only significantly older, less educated, and more overweight than were the males but also had higher levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, highdensity lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar (P< 0.001). Of all the risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed the strongest association in our female CAD patients (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 3.28-3.61 and OR=2.37, 95%CI: 2.26- 2.48, respectively). Acute coronary syndrome was more prevalent in the men (76.1% vs. 68.6%, P< 0.001), and chronic stable angina was more frequent in the females (31.4% vs. 23.9%, P< 0.001). With respect to post-procedural recommendations, the frequency of recommendations for non-invasive modalities was higher in the females (20.1% vs. 18.6%, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus had the strongest association with CAD in our female patients. In the extensive CAD patients, medical treatment was recommended to the women more often.

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  • 23.
    Abbasi, Seyed H
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Jalali, Arash
    Teheran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Macassa, Gloria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Högskolan i Gävle.
    Ethnic differences in the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease: a patient-based study in Iran2018In: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, ISSN 2197-3792, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 623-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Diverse ethnic groups may differ regarding the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and CAD risk and severity in six major Iranian ethnic groups.

    Methods In this study, 20,165 documented coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary referral heart center were recruited. The demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data of all the patients were retrieved. The Gensini score (an indicator of CAD severity) was calculated for all, and the risk factors and severity of CAD were compared between the ethnical groups, using adjusted standardized residuals, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multivariable regression analysis.

    Results The mean age of the participants (14,131 [70.1%] men and 6034 [29.9%] women) was 60.7 ± 10.8 years. The Fars (8.7%) and Gilak (8.6%) ethnic groups had the highest prevalence of ≥4 simultaneous risk factors. The mean Gensini score was the highest for the Gilaks (77.1 ± 55.9) and the lowest among the Lors (67.5 ± 52.8). The multivariable regression analysis showed that the Gilaks had the worst severity (β 0.056, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.102; P = 0.018), followed by the Torks (β 0.032, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.059; P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the Lors showed the lowest severity (β −0.087, 95% CI −0.146 to −0.027; P = 0.004).

    Conclusions This study found that there was heterogeneity in CAD severity and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups.

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  • 24.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV). Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Social Work.
    Jalali, Arash
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).
    Macassa, Gloria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV). University of Gävle.
    Mortality from Acute Coronary Syndrome: Does Place of Residence Matter?2022In: Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, ISSN 1735-8620, E-ISSN 2008-2371, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 56-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Current evidence shows inequality in the outcomes of rural and urban patients treated at their place of residence. This study compared in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to find whether there were differences in the outcome and received treatment. Methods: Between May 2007 and January 2018, patients admitted with ACS were included. The patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as their in-hospital medical courses, were recorded. The association between place of residence (rural/ urban) and in-hospital mortality due to ACS was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of 9088 recruited patients (mean age =61.30±12.25 y; 5557 men [61.1%]), 838 were rural residents. A positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), smoking (P=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026), as well as a higher body mass index (P=0.013), was seen more frequently in the urban patients, while the rural patients had lower education levels (P<0.001) and higher unemployment rates (P=0.009). In-hospital mortality occurred in 135 patients (1.5%): 10 rural (1.2%) and 125 urban (1.5%) patients (P=0.465). The Firth regression model, used to adjust the effects of possible confounders, showed no significant difference concerning in-hospital mortality between the rural and urban patients (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585). Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in receiving proper treatment and in-hospital mortality between ru-ral and urban patients with ACS. 

  • 25.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Ponce De Leon, Antonio
    Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kassaian, Seyed Ebrahim
    Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi, Abbasali
    Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Jalali, Arash
    Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Macassa, Gloria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Socioeconomic status and in hospital mortality of acute corony syndrome: Can education and occupation serves as preventive measures?2015In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine, ISSN 2008-7802, E-ISSN 2008-8213, Vol. 6, article id Art. no. 6:36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in‑hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronarysyndrome (ACS) according to their SES.

    Methods: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1st‑time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low‑SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high‑SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in‑hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in‑hospital mortality was evaluated.

    Results: A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low‑SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in‑hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high‑SES patients had a lower in‑hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094–0.980; P = 0.046).

    Conclusions: This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in‑hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.

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  • 26.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Jalali, A
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Macassa, Gloria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences.
    Mortality by acute Coronary syndrome in Iran: Does place of residence matter?In: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    The anthropology of climate change: an integrated critical perspective, by Hans A. Baer and Merrill Singer2016In: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, ISSN 0966-9582, E-ISSN 1747-7646, Vol. 24, no 7, p. 1062-1064Article, book review (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hellgren, Carina
    Internationella programkontoret.
    Working conditions for female and immigrant cleaners in Stockholm county: An intersectional approach2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hellgren, Carina
    International Programme Office.
    Working Conditions for Female and Immigrant Cleaners in Stockholm County: An Intersectional Approach2012In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, E-ISSN 2245-0157, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 161-181Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 30.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Attitudes towards participation in business development programmes: An ethnic comparison in Sweden2015In: European Journal of Training and Development, ISSN 2046-9012, Vol. 39, no 1, p. 59-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are any differences between the attitudes towards participation in development programmes of entrepreneurs who are immigrants and those who are native-born. Design/methodology/approach – Several statistical methods, including a binary logistic regression model, were used to analyse a unique, firm-level dataset collected by the Swedish Small Business Forum in October and November 2012. The dataset was based on a questionnaire composed of 60 closed questions that was completed by 531 participants representing 395 companies. Findings – Based on the analysis of 15 different attitude variables, the empirical findings are that immigrant managers/owners are more likely to show a positive attitude to participation in development programmes, in terms of nine of those attitude variables, than their native counterparts. Because there are no data about second generation of immigrants in the sample, thus, this category may have had an impact on the results. However, there is no possibility to identify any impact on the results. Originality/value – There is no prior research focusing specifically on this question, and to the authors' knowledge, this study is the first that has attempted to deal with the issue. This study is based on a recent and unique database, and provides new evidence on the relationship between ethnicity and attitude towards participation in development programmes among entrepreneurs. Its context is different from that of prior research.

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  • 31.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Exploring the financing gap between native born women- and immigrant women-owned firms at the start-up stage: Empirical evidence from Swedish data2013In: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1756-6266, E-ISSN 1756-6274, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 157-173Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence which identifies the impact of ethnicity and other relevant variables on external capital acquisition among Swedish women-owned businesses at start-up. Design/methodology/approach: Several methods have been employed to analyze the sample including a binary logistic regression model. The sample consists of 836 women-owned businesses in southeast Sweden; 97 immigrant-owned, 739 native born-owned. Findings: The results indicate that there are partly significant differences between native women-owned firms and immigrant woman-owned businesses at start-up. Unlike the native-owned firms, the immigrant woman-owned businesses rely more on loans from family members and less on bank loans. Practical implications: The results reveal that age has a positive impact on loans from family members, while the additional job outside one's own business, the amount of the owner's personal start-up capital and firm size positively influenced access to capital from banks. The owners' level of education, previous business experience, the legal form taken by the firm and the industry affiliation conversely played no significant role in explaining the women owners' attitudes toward loans from either friends or the bank. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first empirical investigation addressing this issue in the Swedish context. 

  • 32.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Gender and informal financing at Start-up Stage2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Gender as a determinant of informal capital in the financing of small firms' start-ups: Swedish data2015In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, ISSN 1476-1297, E-ISSN 1741-8054, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 249-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This research explores the differences in informal capital acquisition between female- and male-owned firms in the start-up stage in Sweden. A binary logistic regression model is used to analyse a sample including 836 female- and 1928 male-owned firms in 2008, providing 47,022 observations. The results indicate that the main explanatory variable, gender, is significant in distinguishing between female- and male-owned firms with regards to the use of informal capital in terms of loans from family members. Thus, female-owned firms tend to rely more on loans from family members than male-owned firms. The findings also indicate that one control variable, namely owners previous experience of starting up a company, negatively influences the use of loans from family members as a financing source in the start-up stage. This study is based on a unique and large sample including many different variables compared with previous research. Knowledge on the differences between Swedish female- and male-owned firms in using informal capital in the start-up stage is limited and ambiguous. The presented results contribute to research into small firm financing by adding insight into the relationships between informal capital acquisition, gender, and other relevant variables.

  • 34.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    The Impact of Owner and Firm Characteristics on External Capital Acquisition at Start-up: Empirical Evidences from Swedish Data2012In: International Business Research, ISSN 1913-9004, E-ISSN 1913-9012, Vol. 5, no 12, p. 19-30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study investigates whether owner and firm characteristics influence the use of external financing sources among Swedish small-owned firms at start-up stage. Several methods, including multinomial binary logistic regression have been employed to analyse a unique and comprehensive firm-level database, consisting of 2,814 firms gathered through interviews. The results show that three variables, i.e., loans from family members and friends, bank debt and funding from angel investors, are significant in distinguishing between Swedish native and immigrant-owned firms in the acquisition of financial sources in start-up. In addition, immigrant-owned firms tend to relay more on informal financial sources e.g. loan from family member, friends and angel investors, and less on bank loan. Furthermore, whereas, ethnicity influences the change of all these four variables significantly, gender merely affects loans from family members. Other variables, such as the owners’ age, prior experience in business, education, having an additional job beside one’s own business, the amount of personal start-up capital and firm size, as well as legal form and industry affiliation are partly important to explain the acquisition use of external capital at start-up stage.

  • 35.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Yazdanfar, Darush
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Hedberg, Charlotta
    Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden .
    The determinant of external financing at the start-up stage: Empirical evidences from Swedish data2014In: World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, ISSN 1746-0573, E-ISSN 1746-0581, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 124-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Small firms in general have limited access to funding, which is a major problem for entrepreneurs. In particular, this problem is evident for women and ethnic minority groups. The purpose of the study is to examine empirically the impact of gender, ethnicity and other relevant variables on the access to external financing of new small firms. A sample of 2,764 female- And male-owned small businesses, based on a unique and large database gathered through interviews, was investigated employing binary logistic regression models. The results suggest that both gender and ethnicity are significant explanatory variables influencing the access to external capital at the start-up stage. Entrepreneurs' age, experience of starting businesses and education, as well as additional jobs beside their own business, are other variables that influence the way in which entrepreneurs finance their business. Moreover, firm characteristics in terms of personal start-up capital, firm size and legal form have an impact on financing behaviour at start-up. Since the knowledge about this issue is limited, the results of this study add to our understanding of the variables affecting the behaviour of small business endeavours in seeking funding at start-up.

  • 36.
    Abbaszad Rafi, Abdolrahim
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    Alimohammadzadeh, Rana
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    Avella, Angelica
    Mõistlik, Tanel
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    Jűrisoo, Martin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    Kaaver, Andreas
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    Tai, Cheuk -Wai
    Lo Re, Giada
    Cordova, Armando
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education (2023-).
    A facile route for concurrent fabrication and surface selective functionalization of cellulose nanofibers by lactic acid mediated catalysis2023In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 14730Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Celulose nanofibers are lightweight, recycable, biodegradable, and renewable. Hence, there is a great interest of using them instead of fossil-based components in new materials and biocomposites. In this study, we disclose an environmentally benign (green) one-step reaction approach to fabricate lactic acid ester functionalized cellulose nanofibrils from wood-derived pulp fibers in high yields. This was accomplished by converting wood-derived pulp fibers to nanofibrillated “cellulose lactate” under mild conditions using lactic acid as both the reaction media and catalyst. Thus, in parallel to the cellulose nanofibril production, concurrent lactic acid-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid to the cellulose nanofibers surface occured. The direct lactic acid esterification, which is a surface selective functionalization and reversible (de-attaching the ester groups by cleavage of the ester bonds), of the cellulose nanofibrils was confirmed by low numbers of degree of substitution, and FT-IR analyses. Thus, autocatalytic esterification and cellulose hydrolysis occurred without the need of metal based or a harsh mineral acid catalysts, which has disadvantages such as acid corrosiveness and high recovery cost of acid. Moreover, adding a mineral acid as a co-catalyst significantly decreased the yield of the nanocellulose. The lactic acid media is successfully recycled in multiple reaction cycles producing the corresponding nanocellulose fibers in high yields. The disclosed green cellulose nanofibril production route is industrial relevant and gives direct access to nanocellulose for use in variety of applications such as sustainable filaments, composites, packaging and strengthening of recycled fibers. 

  • 37.
    Abbaszad Rafi, Abdolrahim
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering. Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
    Hamidi, N.
    Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
    Bashir-Hashemi, A.
    University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
    Mahkam, M.
    Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
    Photo-Switchable Nanomechanical Systems Comprising a Nanocontainer (Montmorillonite) and Light-Driven Molecular Jack (Azobenzene-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids) as Drug Delivery Systems; Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Release Studies2018In: ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, E-ISSN 2373-9878, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 184-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, photoresponsive nanomechanical systems were prepared through the intercalation of positively charged photoswitching molecular jacks (azobenzene ionic liquids, Azo-ILs) within montmorillonite (MMT) layers (MMT@Azo-ILs). The study shows that MMT@Azo-ILs are photosensitive and the synthesized molecular jacks could change the basal distances of MMT layers upon UV irradiation. These changes come from changes in the structure and geometry of Azo molecules (i.e., cis-trans isomerization) between clay layers upon UV irradiation. The prepared photoresponsive nanomechanical systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Moreover, the in vitro release studies were performed in different conditions (upon UV irradiation and darkness) in pH 5.8 at 34 ± 1 °C, and it was found that the release rates from drug loaded MMT@Azo-ILs were higher upon UV irradiation in comparison with the release rates in darkness. According to the release studies, the prepared photoresponsive carriers might be considered as an excellent potential candidate in order to formulate smart sunscreens. © 2017 American Chemical Society.

  • 38.
    Abbaszad Rafi, Abdolrahim
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Ibrahem, Ismail
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering.
    Cordova, Armando
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Copper nanoparticles on controlled pore glass (CPG) as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for “click reactions”2020In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 20547Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We herein report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (“click” reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions. The supported CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibited a broad substrate scope and gave the corresponding triazole products in high yields. The CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibit recyclability and could be reuced multiple times without contaminating the products with Cu. 

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  • 39.
    Abd Alhai, Alaa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    The Use of Subtitled Media in ESL Classrooms to Promote Vocabulary Acquisition2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 40.
    Abd Mutalib, Nor Fariza
    et al.
    Univ Teknol Petronas, Ctr Res Ion Liquids, Dept Chem Engn, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia..
    Bustam, Mohamad Azmi
    Univ Teknol Petronas, Ctr Res Ion Liquids, Dept Chem Engn, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia..
    Wirzal, Mohd Dzul Hakim
    Univ Teknol Petronas, Ctr Res Ion Liquids, Dept Chem Engn, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia..
    Idris, Alamin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    A Prediction for the Conversion Performance of H2S to Elemental Sulfur in an Ionic-Liquid-Incorporated Transition Metal Using COSMO-RS2022In: CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND, ISSN 2624-8549, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 811-826Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present study, the conversion performance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur in ionic-liquid-incorporated transition metals (ILTMs) is predicted using a conductor-like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO-RS). The predictions were made via the establishment of a correlation between the conversion performance and solubility of H2S in ionic liquids (ILs). All molecules involved were optimized at the DFT/TZVP/M06 computational level and imported on the COSMOtherm program at equimolar conditions. For validation purposes, the solubility of ILs was predicted at 1 bar pressure. Simple regression analysis was used to establish a relationship between the solubility and conversion performance of H2S. The results indicate that the solubility prediction of ILs is accurate (R-2 = 93.40%) with a p-value of 0.0000000777. Additionally, the conversion performance is generally found to be dependent on the solubility value. Furthermore, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl] was chosen as the base IL for incorporating the transition metal, owing to its solubility and selectivity to H2S. The solubility trend of ILTMs is found to follow the following order: [bmim][NiCl3] > [bmim][FeCl4] > [bmim][CoCl3] > [bmim][CuCl3]. According to the viscosity measurements of ILTMs, [bmim][NiCl3] and [bmim][FeCl4] exhibited the highest and lowest viscosity values, respectively. Therefore, [bmim][FeCl4] is a promising ILTM owing to its higher solubility and low viscosity for the application studied.

  • 41.
    Abdalla, Martina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Rydén, Alva
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Interviews with people currently in a heavy drug use about why they are not in treatment and their perception and attitudes towards treatment.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden there are approximately 45 000 people that show signs of being dependant on narcotics, and there are approximately 26 000 people who can be defined as heavy users. Heavy users is defined by Centralförbundet för alkohol- och narkotikaupplysning as persons who have injected narcotics of any kind in the last 12 months or persons who have had a daily or practically daily use of narcotics the last four weeks. The aim of this study was to understand why people with a current heavy drug use are not in treatment. Through interviews their perceptions and attitudes towards drug treatment were raised to create understanding as to why they are not in treatment. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten people with a current heavy drug use. The interviews were transcribed and a content analysis was applied. The results indicated that there are mixed thoughts about treatment but also that most participants did want treatment. Even though all participants had experience of treatment not working for them, many were motivated to try something new or try the same treatment again. The conclusion was that the participants are searching for a more individual based treatment since they felt like the treatment that they had been offered did not work for them.

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  • 42.
    Abdalla, Munir A
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    A CMOS APS for dental X-ray imaging using scintillating sensors2001In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, ISSN 0168-9002, E-ISSN 1872-9576, Vol. 460, no 1, p. 197-203Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present an integrating CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) circuit to be used with scintillator type X-ray sensors for intra oral dental X-ray imaging systems. Different pixel architectures were constructed to explore their performance characteristics and to study the feasibility of the development of such systems using the CMOS technology. A prototype 64×80 pixel array has been implemented in a CMOS 0.8 μm double poly n-well process with a pixel pitch of 50 μm. A spectral sensitivity measurement for the different pixels topologies, as well as measured X-ray direct absorption in the different APSs are presented. A measurement of the output signal showed a good linearity over a wide dynamic range. This chip showed that the very low sensitivity of the CMOS APSs to direct X-ray exposure adds a great advantage to the various CMOS advantages over CCD-based imaging systems.

  • 43.
    Abdalla, Munir A
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    A new biasing method for CMOS preamplifier-shapers2000In: ICECS 2000: 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONICS, CIRCUITS & SYSTEMS, VOLS I AND II, 2000, p. 15-18Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Abdalla, Munir A
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    An integrating CMOS APS for X-ray imaging with an in-pixel preamplifier2001In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, ISSN 0168-9002, E-ISSN 1872-9576, Vol. 466, no 1, p. 232-236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present in this paper an integrating CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) circuit coated with scintillator type sensors for intra-oral dental X-ray imaging systems. The photosensing element in the pixel is formed by the p-diffusion on the n-well diode. The advantage of this photosensor is its very low direct absorption of X-rays compared to the other available photosensing elements in the CMOS pixel. The pixel features an integrating capacitor in the feedback loop of a preamplifier of a finite gain in order to increase the optical sensitivity. To verify the effectiveness of this in-pixel preamplification, a prototype 32 x 80 element CMOS active pixel array was implemented in a 0.8 mum CMOS double poly, n-well process with a pixel pitch of 50 mum. Measured results confirmed the improved optical sensitivity performance of the APS. Various measurements on device performance are presented.

  • 45.
    Abdalla, Munir
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Dubaric, Ervin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Nilsson, Hans-Erik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    A scintillator-coated phototransistor pixel sensor with dark current cancellation2001In: cecs2001: 8th IEEE international conference on electronics, circuits and systems, Vols. I-III, Conference Proceedings, 2001, p. 663-667Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Abdalla, Suliman A
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Architecture and circuit design of photon counting readout for X-ray imaging sensors2007Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Hybrid pixel array detectors for X-ray imaging are based on different technologies for sensor and readout electronics. The readout electronics are based on standard CMOS technologies that are experiencing continuously rapid improvements by means of down-scaling the feature sizes, which in turn lead to higher transistor densities, lower power consumption, and faster circuits. For pixel-array imaging sensors the improvements in CMOS technology opens up new possibilities of integrating more functionality in the pixels for local processing of the sensor data. However, new issues related to the tight integration of both analog and digital processing circuits within the small area of a pixel must also be evaluated.

    The advantages of down-scaling the CMOS technology can be utilized to increase the spatial resolution by reducing the pixel sizes. Recent research indicates however that the bottleneck in reaching further spatial resolution in X-ray imaging sensors may not be limited by the circuit area occupied by the functions necessary in the pixels, but are instead related to problems associated with charge-sharing of charges generated by the sensor which are distributed over a neighbourhood of pixels and will limit the spatial resolution and lead to a distortion of the energy spectrum. In this thesis a mechanism to be implemented in the readout circuits is proposed in order to suppress the charge-sharing effects. The proposed architecture and its circuit implementation are evaluated with respect to circuit complexity (area) and power consumption. For a photon-counting pixel it is demonstrated that the complete pixel, with charge-sharing suppression mechanism, can be implemented using 300 transistors with an idle power consumption of 2.7μW in a 120nm CMOS technology operating with a 1.2V power supply.

    The improvements in CMOS technology can also be used for increasing the range of applications for X-ray imaging sensors. In this thesis, an architecture is proposed for multiple energy discrimination, called color X-ray imaging. The proposed solution is the result of balancing the circuit complexity and the image quality. The method is based on color sub-sampling with intensity biasing. For three-level energy discrimination, that corresponds to color imaging systems for visible light with R, G, and B color components, the increase in circuit complexity will be only 20% higher than that for the Bayer method but results in significantly better image quality.

    As the circuit complexity in the digital processing within each pixel is increased, the digitally induced noise may play an increasingly important role for the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements. In this thesis an initial study is conducted regarding how the digital switching noise affects the analog amplifiers in the photon-counting pixel.

  • 47.
    Abdalla, Suliman
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Nilsson, Hans-Erik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Oelmann, Bengt
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Circuit Implementation of Mechanism for Charge-Sharing Suppression for Photon-Counting Pixel Arrays2005In: 23rd NORCHIP Conference 2005, IEEE conference proceedings, 2005, p. 137-140, article id 1597008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work proposes an efficient circuit implementation of a mechanism for charge-sharing suppression in photon-counting pixel arrays based on current-mode circuits for the analog parts. The additional circuits needed for charge-sharing suppression in a four-pixel cluster, leads to an increase in power consumption of 36% and only a marginal increase in circuit area. The implemented pixel with window-discrimination, managing charge-sharing in a four-pixel cluster and with an event-counter of 13 bits, consists of 300 transistors and has a power consumption of 2.7 μW when idle. It is implemented in a 120nm CMOS process and the presented results are based on simulations.

  • 48.
    Abdalla, Suliman
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Oelmann, Bengt
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    O'Nils, Mattias
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Thim [Lundgren], Jan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
    Architecture and Circuit Design for Color X-Ray Pixal Array Detector Read-Out Electronics2007In: 24th Norchip Conference, 2006, New York: IEEE conference proceedings, 2007, p. 271-276, article id 4126997Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes an area- and power-efficient implementation of the read-out electronics for color X-ray pixel detectors for imaging. Introducing multiple levels of energy discrimination will increase the complexity of the read-out electronics in each pixel. The proposed architecture has full resolution for the intensity and reduced resolution for the energy spectrum (color), which leads to a good compromise of image quality and circuit complexity. We show that the increase in complexity, compared to single energy-range pixel, will lead to increase in circuit area of less than 20%.

  • 49.
    Abdi, Jasmin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Social Work.
    Melles, Sofia
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Social Work.
    En kvalitativ studie om nätmobbning och psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studiens syfte är att undersöka respondenternas uppfattning av nätmobbning och dess påverkan på den psykiska hälsan och skolgång. Samt att undersöka vad skolorna har för förebyggande arbete kring nätmobbning. Urvalet i studien är gymnasieelever som går sitt sista år på gymnasiet samt kuratorer som arbetar på de utvalda skolorna. Studien består av en kvalitativ intervjumetod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Författarna har valt att intervjua sex respondenter utifrån ett snöbollsurval och bekvämlighetsurval. Utifrån studiens empiri, tidigare forskning och teorier framgår det att respondenterna tror att nätmobbning kan ha en påverkan på ungdomars psykiska ohälsa och kan påverka deras skolgång negativt. Skolorna har ett likabehandlingsteam som ansvarar för den här typen av problematik och arbetar förebyggande i form av föreläsningar och individuella samtal.

  • 50.
    Abdi Mohamed, Sadio
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Partiernas förklaring av brottslighet utifrån strainteorin och rational choice teori2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to acquire a profound understanding of the current criminal policy through an analysis of the political parties in the Swedish Parliament, namely the Social Democrats, the Moderate Party, the Sweden Democrats, the Christian Democrats, the Liberals, the Center Party, the Left Party, and the Green Party. The focus lies on the parties' perspectives on crime and how these perspectives can be explained within the theoretical framework comprising strain theory and rational choice theory. Additionally, the aim is to identify the differences in their views. This will be accomplished through a qualitative text analysis, specifically employing a self-developed analytical framework based on these two theories. The development of this analytical framework stemmed from the need to efficiently work with the countless amount of text presented in each party's election manifesto. By utilizing the analytical framework, the emphasis was placed on causes and measures. In other words, how do the parties explain the causes of crime, what measures are proposed, and how can these causes and measures be linked to the respective strain theory or rational choice theory? The results of this study reveal intriguing differences concerning causes and measures. While the majority of the parties' explanations of crime align more closely with strain theory, the majority of their proposed measures bear closer resemblance to rational choice theory. This finding is supported by previous research in the field, which has observed a political shift regarding attitudes towards crime. There has been a transition from a social liberal perspective to a more restrictive perspective on criminality, characterized by a shift in focus from the victim to the offender.

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