Mid Sweden University

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  • 1.
    Abdulridha, Aya
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Karlberg, Louice
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Klassificering och lokalisering: En studie om klassificering och lokalisering av produkter hos Delta Terminal AB2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today Delta Terminal AB rents a warehouse, the expenses of the warehouse are much higher than the income and therefore Delta Terminal Ab wants to relocate the warehouse to a different building that they own. The current warehouse is approximately 7900 𝑚2and the intended local is 6400𝑚2. Because of the differ-ence in size between the two warehouses, it is important that the products are placed so that the bearing surface is filled as much as possible without damag-ing the products. To reduce the driving distance in the warehouse the products are placed after a categorization technique called double ABC-analysis, where the delivery frequency is the main factor. To verify that the products fit in the warehouse calculations were made on the fill rate, a localization and product placement were also made based on the categorization. The information is taken from a literature review, scientific articles, previous studies, discussions with the staff at Delta Terminal AB and from each client who has a product in the warehouse. The study shows that the products Delta Terminal AB has in stock will not fit in the intended warehouse and that Delta Terminal AB needs at least 48 m2 to store leftover products.

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  • 2.
    Agrawal, P.
    et al.
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Ahlén, Anders
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Olofsson, Tomas
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Long Term Channel Characterization for Energy Efficient Transmission in Industrial Environments2014In: IEEE Transactions on Communications, ISSN 0090-6778, E-ISSN 1558-0857, Vol. 62, no 8, p. 3004-3014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the challenges for a successful use of wireless sensor networks in process industries is to design networks with energy efficient transmission, to increase the lifetime of the deployed network while maintaining the required latency and bit-error rate. The design of such transmission schemes depend on the radio channel characteristics of the region. This paper presents an investigation of the statistical properties of the radio channel in a typical process industry, particularly when the network is meant to be deployed for a long time duration, e.g., days, weeks, and even months. Using 17–20-h-long extensive measurement campaigns in a rolling mill and a paper mill, we highlight the non-stationarity in the environment and quantify the ability of various distributions, given in the literature, to describe the variations on the links. Finally, we analyze the design of an optimal received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the deployed nodes and show that improper selection of the distribution for modeling of the variations in the channel can lead to an overuse of energy by a factor of four or even higher.

  • 3.
    Agrawal, Piyush
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Ahlén, Anders
    Uppsala University.
    Olofsson, Tomas
    Uppsala University.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Characterization of Long Term Channel Variations in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks2014In: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'14), IEEE conference proceedings, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Ahlqvist, Theresé
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Hur ett tvärfunktionellt samarbete kan motverka stuprörsstrukturer: Kommunikationens roll i det organisatoriska gränssnittet mellan olika avdelningar2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Stovepipes, or also called silos, appear in many different organizations and sectors and contribute to problems when employees or managers tend to look more to their own, or the individual departments, objectives rather than to the organizations. The purpose of this study was to identify different communicative factors that promote stovepipes in order to further identify the most critical factor to disarm. A case study has been done at a selected company, with a stovepipe structure, in order to achieve the purpose of the study. The case study has included interviews and observations to identify different problem areas which then have been compared with three communicative factors identified in previous studies. The factor that had the most connections to the problem areas have been considered the most critical factor. The result of the study indicates that “A lack of understanding each other's work” is the most critical factor in stovepipe structures and that it can be prevented by following five recommendations: bring up positive collaboration continually, raise problems with each other instead of with others, identify different communication paths in and between the departments, implement a long-term model for preventing stovepipes and set up workshops between the involved departments. The conclusion of the study is that stovepipes create several undesirable effects in the organization but that the efforts to counter these problems do not have to be complicated. Following five small steps into a better collaboration and communication can be enough to be on your way to a better organizational structure.

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  • 5.
    Akbar, Adnan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Influencing Factors on Quality of Experience (QoE) in Mobile Computing2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Applications that can change their behaviour based on the user’s contextual appearance are called context-aware applications. Applications developed for smart phones, which carry a multitude of different sensors, and actuators have gained a huge penetration within the market. Frequent usage of mobile applications such as home automation, friend finder, car accident notification and tracking etc; have seen an increased growth from the user’s perspective. However, for such applications, it is necessary to have knowledge of the performance and cost parameters, which directly affect the QoE of the application users.  This thesis investigates possible context aware behaviours in real time situations and measures the Quality of Experience (QoE) as well as identifying the Packet Delay Variation (PDV). The background and some state-of-the-art technologies are studied, and based on these studies, three scenarios are designed and implemented and based on their QoE, results and conclusions are presented, with the  results obtained  shown by means of   graphical representations of the QoE and PDV values. 

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    Exam Report Adnan Akbar
  • 6.
    Albu-jaafer, Ali
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Undersökning om kringtjänster i en kombiterminal2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The transport that uses multiple modes of transportation called Intermodal transport. Due of the advantages of intermodal transport offers, the market for intermodal transport has become increasingly important. The benefits can be both environmentally and economically. This terminal is the destination where intermodal transport takes place. The purpose of a terminal is to combine two different modes of transport. This can lower the total cost of transportation and reduce environmental pollution. To get a successful intermodal terminals there are a few factors that should be considered. One of these factors is the primary services and incidental services terminus offer.

     

    The purpose of this study is to examine the ancillary services that can be applied to an intermodal terminal in order to increase revenues and attractiveness of the facility. To answer the research questions I interviewed four different operators in intermodal terminals in Sweden. In addition there are also two interviews were carried out with the existing operator in Sundsvall intermodal terminal and the operator of the new intermodal terminal. The purpose of these two interviews was to see what the operators have the opportunity or plan and how it works in Sundsvall existing intermodal terminal in the present day. Literature studies that I used in this study have been covered by previous surveys, reports and books. The purpose of literary studies was to identify intermodal terminals and the new services that can be used on the terminal.

     

    The results of this study gave a very good picture of these ancillary services that can be applied in Sundsvall new intermodal terminal to increase the terminal's revenues and attractiveness. Examples of these services, repair factories of trailers and containers, refueling station in connection with the intermodal terminal, cross-docking, by scrolling with the electric locomotives. Besides these services, there are other factors that should be taken into consideration in order to increase revenues and attractiveness of intermodal terminal. These are the technologies that are used in intermodal terminal, IT support, security and location of the intermodal terminal.

  • 7.
    Ali, Majid
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Improving the Adaptive Context Views and Evaluate Real-Time Performance2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The versatility and dimension of smart phone applications is   increasing at magnificent rate and getting more and more advanced in a level that could solve complicated real time tasks. One of the important factors for such advancement has been the powerful sensors embedded on a Smartphone devices and sensory networks. Moreover, Context and Context-awareness would have remained a myth without the advent of sensors. The objective of this thesis has been to contribute to the research work carried out under the MediaSense project. Accordingly, the ultimate purpose of the thesis has been to evaluate and study the feasibility of the adaptive context view proposed in MediaSense Platform. In precise words, the thesis has done three core tasks. Firstly, the theoretical presentation of related works and the significance of the research question have been discussed through various social applications. Secondly, a proof-of-concept application has been developed to simulate what has been proposed in the research work. Finally, Android application has been designed and implemented in order to evaluate and study the techniques presented in a practical scenario. Moreover, in the android application known as SundsvallBIGBuddies, we have used the extensions designed for the existing MediaSense platform. The impact of using Android app relaying on a continuous stream of context data has been presented using graphs and tables.  In order to study the impact we used smart phone and tablets from Samsung.

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    Improving the Adaptive Context Views and Evaluate Real-Time Performance Sundsvall BIGBuddies App
  • 8.
    Alkrot, Magnus
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    React vs Angular: Slaget om användarupplevelsen2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Lately, various programming frameworks has been developed for developing web applications. These frameworks focus on increasing the user experience by performance improvements such as faster render times and response times. One of these frameworks are React, which has introduced a completely new architectural pattern for both managing the state and data flow of an application. React also offers support for native application development and makes server-side rendering possible. Something that is difficult to accomplish with an application developed with Angular 1.5, which is used by the company Dewire today. The aim of this thesis was to compare React with an existing Angular project, in order to determine whether React could be a potential replacement for Angular. To gain knowledge about the subject, a theoretical study of web- based sources has been made. While the practical part has been to rebuild a web application with React together with the architecture Flux, which is based on a view from the Angular project. The implementation process was repeated until the view was completed and a desired data flow, as in the Angular application, was reached. The resulting React application was later compared with the Angular application developed by the company, where the outcome of the comparison showed that the React performed better than Angular in all tests. In conclusion, due to the timeframe of the project, only the most important parts of the Angular project were implemented in order to carry out the measurements that were of interest to the company. By recreating most of the functionality, or the entire Angular application, more interesting comparisons could have been done.

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  • 9.
    Aloisi, Alessandro
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. University of Bologna (Italy).
    Enabling communication between Wireless Sensor Networks and The Internet-of-Things: A CoAP communication stack2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The thesis focuses on enabling the communication between Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet-of-Things applications.  In order to achieve this goal, the first step has been to investigate the concept of the Internet-of-Things and then to understand how this scenario could be used to interconnect multiple Wireless Sensor Networks in order to develop context-aware applications which could handle sensor data coming from this type of network. 

    The second step was to design and implement a communication stack which enabled Wireless Sensor Networks to communicate with an Internet-of-Things platform. The CoAP protocol has been used as application protocol for the communication with the Wireless Sensor Networks. The solution has been developed in Java programming language and extended the sensor and actuator layer of the Sensible Things platform. 

    The third step of this thesis has been to investigate in which real world applications the developed solution could have been used. Next a Proof of Concept application has been implemented in order to simulate a simple fire detection system, where multiple Wireless Sensor Networks collaborate to send their temperature data to a control center. The last step was to evaluate the whole system, specifically the responsiveness and the overhead introduced by the developed communication stack.

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    ThesisAlessandroAloisi
  • 10.
    Altskog, Tomas
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Customized Analytics Software: Investigating efficient development of an application2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Google Analytics is the most widely used web traffic analytics program in the world with a wide array of functionality which serve several different purposes for its users. However the cost of training employees in the usage of Google Analytics can be expensive and time consuming due to the generality of the software. The purpose of this thesis is to explore an alternative solution to hav- ing employees learn the default Google Analytics interface and thus possibly re- ducing training expenses. A prototype written in the Java programming lan- guage is developed which implements the MVC and facade software patterns for the purpose of making the development process more efficient. It contains a feature for retrieving custom reports from Google Analytics using Google’s Core Reporting API in addition to two web pages are integrated into the proto- type using the Google Embed API. In the result the prototype is used along with the software estimation method COCOMO to make an estimation of the amount of effort required to develop a similar program. This is done by counting the prototype’s source lines of code manually, following the guidelines given by the COCOMO manual, and then implementing the result in the COCOMO estima- tion formula. The count of lines of code for the entire prototype is 567 and the count which considers reused code is 466. The value retrieved from the formula is 1.61±0.14 person months for the estimation of the entire program and 1.31± 0.16 for a program with reused code. The conclusion of the thesis is that the res- ult from the estimation has several weaknesses and further research is necessary in order to improve the accuracy of the result.

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  • 11.
    Amoura, Jonas
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Nätverksemulatorer: Nätverksemulering i utbildningssyfte2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a project that deals with network emulators for training purposes, where everything is based on open-source applications. The goal of this project was to evaluate GNS3 and CORE emulators and answer the question, if and how they can be used in educational purposes for students and teachers. The study begins by briefly describing the various emulators available through open-source, where it was chosen to focus on the following network emulators IMUNES: Marionnet, Mininet, NetKit, GNS3 and CORE. The evaluation was conducted using a form, and GNS3 and CORE emulators run on a Linux-based operating systems to test all functions and various applications available within the tools. The results showed that both emulators work great to make use of open-source applications that can emulate router functions to emulate network topologies with different routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF and BGP. The evaluation also showed that both emulators are excellent tools to be used by people with minimal knowledge in programming, because of its user-friendly interface that helps one to build complex topologies using drag-and-drop functionality only. The conclusion of the study is that both emulators work well for educational purposes to develop network technology, router protocols and Linux skills for students, as well as to create a virtual environment to develop their skills with which they also can experiment with their skills. To install the network emulators GNS3 and CORE and related applications took about 30 minutes per tool, as well as taking GNS3 23 MB and Core 10MB hard disk space to be installed without any accessory applications.

    Why these two tools work well for training purposes is that both emulators has integrated support for a large numbers of applications and the use of simple user interface to emulate network environments. In addition, the tools are completely free to all students and teachers, therefore everyone have the same opportunities to access them. The report recommendation is to use the emulator CORE precisely because the utility has so many features integrated within itself, and it is such a simple tool to use.

  • 12.
    Andersson, Erik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Effektiv lagerstyrning med AHP och tvådimensionell artikelklassificering: En fallstudie på Permobil AB, Timrå2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Costs related to inventory are usually a significant amount of the company’s total assets. Despite this, companies in general don’t pay a lot of interest in it, even if the benefits from effective inventory are obvious when it comes to less tied up capital, increased customer satisfaction and better working environment.

    Permobil AB, Timrå is in an intense period when it comes to revenue and growth. The production unit is aiming for an increased output of 30 % in the next two years. To make this possible the company has to improve their way to distribute and handle material,The purpose of the study is to provide useful information and concrete proposals for action, so that the company can build a strategy for an effective and sustainable solution when it comes to inventory management.

    Alternative methods for making forecasts are suggested, in order to reach a more nuanced perception of different articles, and how they should be managed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in order to give specially selected persons the chance to decide criteria for how the article should be valued. The criteria they agreed about were annual volume value, lead time, frequency rate and purchase price. The other method that was proposed was a two-dimensional model where annual volume value and frequency was the criteria that specified in which class an article should be placed. Both methods resulted in significant changes in comparison to the current solution.

    For the spare part inventory different forecast methods were tested and compared with the current solution. It turned out that the current forecast method performed worse than both moving average and exponential smoothing with trend. The small sample of ten random articles is not big enough to reject the current solution, but still the result is a reason enough, for the company to control the quality of the forecasts.

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  • 13.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Function Practice: Ett verktyg för att öva programmering2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As more and more people choose to learn programming it may be good to practicesolving problems by writing functions that can then be tested to see if theuser has succeeded. Function Practice is a service to be able to practice programmingin exactly this way, by solving tasks of writing functions in differentprogramming languages, the languages that will be used is Java, C ++ andPython. It also provides an easy and convenient way to create such tasks. Theaim of the project is to develop this service by creating a Web service that cancompile and run functions for the different languages, a website that users canwrite and test code, as well as a way to define the tasks to be solved, this is thentested with a user test in a smaller group to see how user-friendly it is, and thefunctionality is tested and compared with some previous solutions. The serviceis tested to see if additional security is needed by trying to run commands onthe host system. The conclusion of the project is that the functionality behindthe service works, however, that the website needs to be a little clearer for it tobe more user-friendly, and that the user should be able to get error messages incase something does not work to make it easier to know what they need to do.Security proves to be an important part when it is possible to execute commandson the host system which gives users full control of the system.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Joakim
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Konsten att delegera prefix: En jämförelse av automatiserad och statisk konfiguration2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    When it became clear that the number of ipv4 addresses would not be enough, ipv6 was developed. With new features that had been adapted to the infrastructure that had been built up around the world, there was now a replacement for ipv4. But the differences are many and the protocols are not alike at all, especially when looking at the built-in functions. One of these new features in ipv6 is called Prefix Delegation, a simple and convenient way to automatically distribute parts of a larger network into smaller networks. Although there are simple and flexible way to implement this, the existing infrastructure of the Internet may not be so simple. The complexity of the infrastructure forces us to use a variety of routes, both static and dynamic. To get an understanding of how this can differ, we looked at an overview of how the infrastructure might look like and then tested how to solve the addressing through an automated process and a static process. The results shows that the automated solution requires a little more preparation and specified equipment, but the work then becomes easy to control, debug, and document. The static process is more straightforward and requires no special equipment, however, it will be difficult to control, debug, and document where the slightest change can require a lot of work where the risk of complications is great.

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  • 15.
    Andersson, Lucas
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Berglin, Martin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Problematiken med estimering i projekt inom agil systemutveckling: Analys och undersökning av agil systemutveckling hos SDC2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In today’s society, IT-Companies often have a hard time estimating changed requirements. This leads to that the clients’ confidence is negatively affected and is one of the main reasons why this has to be improved. The goal with this study was to find out what the most common problems regarding this issue are in IT-companies that works with agile software development. By analyzing one IT-company through a SWOT- and pareto-analysis the most common problems have been ascertained. The SWOT analysis have been created through interviews with selected employees to get a better understanding of the problems that the IT-company is facing. Furthermore was the pareto-analysis based on a survey that was sent out to many different employees to prioritize the problems. The reason why the survey was sent to different employees was to get a more objective input. The study showed that there was many different problems that needed attention. The most important problems was that the communication towards the client regarding requirements needed to be improved, better communication internally between different departments needed to be established, a method to quickly adapt and estimate change in requirements needed to be implemented and finally a method regarding witch key employees whom need to attend the planning of the program backlog. These problems have then been studied through interviews with other IT-companies and through a literature study. The conclusions that where drawn was that the client needs to be involved and updated through the whole project. Constant monitoring and communication regarding changed requirements needs to be processed and mediated. High standards needs to be set early towards the client in order to obtain as clear an image of the requirements as possible. Many different parties need to attend to the planning process for the program backlog before the start of the project. The client needs to be aware of that changed requirements will arise and that this will lead to that the first estimation may not necessarily be absolute. As long as the client is held up to date as well as participant through the whole project and problems are detected and mediated early, change in requirements should not be a huge problem. This is after all the purpose of being agile.

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  • 16.
    Andersson, Oskar
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Simulations in 3D research: Can Unity3D be used to simulate a 3D display system?2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mid Sweden University is currently researching how to capture more of a scene with a camera and how to create 3D images that does not require extra equipment for the viewer. In the process of this research they have started looking into simulating some of the tests that they wish to conduct. The goal of this project is to research whether the 3D graphics engine Unity3D could be used to simulate these tests, and to what degree. To test this a simulation was designed and implemented. The simulation used a split display system where each camera is directly connected to a part of the screen and using the position of the viewer the correct part of the camera feed is shown. Some literary studies were also done into how current 3D technology works. The simulation was successfully implemented and shows that simple simulation can be done in Unity3D, however, some problems were encountered in the process. The conclusion of the project show that there is much work left before simulation is viable but that there is potential in the technology and that the research team should continue to investigate it.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Blomqvist, Robin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Software Defined Network: Med openflow2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The goal for this project is to setup a redundant Software Defined Network for a fictive company. The company should be able to use the network for future network extension. The network will be built in mininet. Mininet is a software that is used to simulate a real network environment. The company should also be able to take the simulated network in mininet and implement it in to a real network. The protocols STP and LACP are implemented in the network by means of the programming language python.

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  • 18.
    Andersson, Petter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Melander, Melander
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Samordnad varudistribution: Jämförelse mellan två logistikmodeller med nuläget i Sundsvalls Stenstad2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As the cities are becoming more crowded, the urban distribution has become a major logistical challenge. Some commonproblems in the inner cities arelimited accessibility and idling. Many of Sweden's municipalities are above the limit values for PM10limit set by the EU.Sundsvall is one of these municipalities and has the vision to create a sustainable city and region. Sundsvall LogistikparkAB is part of an EU project, SMARTSET, which is collaborationbetween several cities in Europe. SMARTSETSundsvall is about to develop a market-based sustainable model for city logistics. Itsobjective has been to compare and assess the potential of two business models forcoordinated goods distribution, with a micro terminal, in to Sundsvall Stenstad,with the current status. To achieve the purpose of the survey is the mapping of the current situation made with the help of interviews with shippers and identification of criteria for a multi-criteria analysis. In the result, the interviews compiled and formed the basis of the data used in the MCA. To get the values of the different criteria, the calculations are made and then the dependency between the different criteria illustrated in the scatter plots. It has been found that business model 1 and 2 is better than the current statusofthe majority of the criteria. The study's main purpose has been fulfilled when the MCA has shown that both the business modelsare profitable for shippers and reduces emissions in Sundsvall. The study has also shown that there are more factors than just the profitability and environmental impacts that affect an imple-mentation of any of these business models. To further develop this survey is required that more shippers interviewed and that the stores specifications are compiled. To get a project with a longer lifethan the contribution period required financing method identified.

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    Samordnad varudistribution
  • 19.
    Andrén, B.
    et al.
    NetLab: Visual Media Quality, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden .
    Brunnström, Kjell
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. NetLab: Visual Media Quality, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden .
    Wang, Kun
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. NetLab: Visual Media Quality, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden .
    Readability of displays in bright outdoor surroundings2014In: SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 2014, Vol. 45, no 1, p. 1100-1103Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Readability of displays in bright outdoor surroundings is a problem for many types of visual displays. The wide range of lighting conditions that these displays should be able to operate in, makes the design of the test set-up very challenging. Mobile displays of today usually have LCDs with LED backlight or OLEDs, which gives the possibility to control the light levels from very low luminance or even zero luminance to very high luminance levels with good contrast and color rendering. There are many displays that can show high luminance (>1000 cd/m2) and with that are considered or claimed to have daylight or sunlight readability. However, these statements are rarely supported by scientific tests with test subjects. This paper will discuss and analyze the conditions for performing such experiments. Experimental results that the visual acuity is negatively affected by strong illuminance are presented.

  • 20.
    Arlestedt, Rebecka
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Lindh, Melenie
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Enterprise Mobility: Defining and evaluating business digitalization2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile technology has developed rapidly in the recent years and considerably changed the way organizations work. Mobility can bring great benefits to the organizations of which they are at, by e.g. improving employee satisfaction and increase efficiency and productivity. Despite this the development of mobile solutions have grown much faster for individuals than for organizations, with a plethora of devices and applications. The slow enterprise adoption is partly due to the fact that companies need to take information security risks into account at the same time as IT systems need to be rebuilt and customized to accommodate the new mobile way of working. Employees, unlike most other technologies, largely drive mobile strategies at organizations. Organizations are not developing in a fast enough pace and many scientist are describing a research gap in organizations adoption of mobility. This study aims to examine how research in the area has been presented and how enterprise mobility is viewed and utilized. The study has been implemented through qualitative research with a interpretative and exploratory approach. A case study was conducted at two organizations, demonstrating the possibilities and obstacles of enterprise mobility, and also strengthened the existing definition of the field. Additionally the case study illustrated discrepancies in IT solutions and the adoption of enterprise mobility within two different industries. Both researchers and organizations have shown a great interest in exploring this area additionally. Further studies can be extended to include the effects of how companies have adapted to enterprise mobility.

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  • 21.
    Arndt, Sebastian
    et al.
    Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Brunnström, Kjell
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Acreo Swedish ICT.
    Cheng, Eva
    Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, Australia.
    Engelke, Ulrich
    Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Hobart, Australia.
    Möller, Sebastian
    Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Antons, Jan-Niklas
    Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Review on using physiology in quality of experience2016In: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging 2016, HVEI 2016, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2016, p. 197-205Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the area of Quality of Experience (QoE), one challenge is to design test methodologies in order to evaluate the perceived quality of multimedia content delivered through technical sys-tems. Traditionally, this evaluation is done using subjective opinion tests. However, sometimes it is difficult for observers to communicate the experienced quality through the given scale. Fur-thermore. those tests do not give insights into how the user is reacting on an internal physiological level. To overcome these issues, one approach is to use physiological measures, in order to derive a direct non-verbal response of the recipient. In this paper, we review studies that have been performed in the domain of QoE using physiological measures and we look into current activities in standardization bodies. We present challenges this research faces. and give an overview on what researchers should be aware of when they want to start working in this research area.

  • 22.
    Arslan, Önder
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    BeSafe: Säkerhetsapplikation2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Examensarbetet beskriver utvecklingen av säkerhetsapplikationen BeSafe vilken utvecklats för IT-konsulttjänsteverksamheten Sogeti. BeSafe kommer i framtiden integreras med två andra applikationer för att tillsammans bilda en större friluftsapplikation.

    Den färdiga applikationen besvarar de verifierbara målen och därmed även problemformuleringen. Applikationen erbjuder användaren möjlighet att stärka den egna säkerheten. Muntliga intervjuer genomfördes för att bestämma design, färger och logotyp för applikationen. Intervjuerna resulterade i en användarvänligare applikation där undersökningen riktade in arbetet mot det gränssnitt BeSafe nu har. BeSafe är utvecklad genom en iterativ process i utvecklingsmiljön Android Studios och riktar sig till enheter baserade på Androids OS. Vidareutveckling av applikationen skulle kunna ske i form av nya funktioner där användaren exempelvis kan tillåta anhöriga få live feedback på vart användaren befinner sig. Det har tagits hänsyn till etiska aspekter under arbetets gång för att värna om användarens integritet. Detta genom notifikationer, minimering av risk för spridning av data genom lagrings- och kommunikationssätt inom applikationen.

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  • 23.
    Asklind, Patrik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Rapportsystem – Grund för dynamiskt rapportsystem2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta projektet har inneburit att skapa en prototyp av en webbapplikation som man förhoppningsvis kommer att kunna använda i framtiden som en grund till att skapa en mer helomfattande applikationen. Projektet handlar om att skapa ett rapportsystem som tillåter företag att få en bättre koll på statusen av sina uppdrag, sina kunder och anställda. Samtidigt som att den tillåter anställda att rapportera in när uppdrag är klara. Då detta är tänkt som en prototyp av en del för en större lösning så har avgränsningar blivit tvungna att göras. Under projektet så har användbarhet, mängd av internet förbrukning och tillgänglighet tagits i aktning under utvecklandet.

  • 24.
    Asproth, Viveca
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Borglund, Erik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Computer and System science.
    Danielsson, Erna
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Ekker, Knut
    Högskolan i Nord Tröndelag.
    Holand, Svare Ivar
    Högskolan i Nord Tröndelag.
    Holmberg, Stig C
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Öberg, Lena-Maria
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Nygård, Ståle Andre
    Högskolan i Nord Tröndelag.
    Skevik, Trond Olav
    Högskolan i Nord Tröndelag.
    Sund, Torgrim
    Högskolan i Nord Tröndelag.
    Rapport från GSS: Gränsöverskridande samarbete för säkerhet2014Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The GSS project (Gaining SecuritySymbiosis) aimed at contributing towards increased security and quality of life for inhabitants and visitors of the border region of the middle part of Sweden and Norway. Within this goal the project also aimed at increasing the likelihood of saving livesand reducing threats to the environment and material assets. GSS focuses on providing the information and knowledge required in emergency and crisis situations. GSS emphasizes preparatory activities. The cross-border value added by the project has several dimensions: •It increases understanding, trust and cooperation between emergency personnel on both sides of the border.•Authorities with responsibility for security establish long-term institutional partnership with respect to security and crisis management.•The attractiveness of the border region increases due to enhanced securityand improved crisis management.•The mutual knowledge and understanding regarding the situation across the national border increases among project participantsThe project has implemented three yearly cycles of training consisting of building a scenario, training in handling a crisis situation and evaluation. The results from the evaluation have provided the foundation for the next year cycle. The project also developed a training system across these three cycles. The training system includes a scenario bank, training exercises and support, play-back function and an evaluation module including statistical functions. The evaluations from these training sessions are included in a separate appendix. The first training session was conducted as a table-top exercise at the Border Rescue Council meeting in 2011. The other two training sessions were designed in order to allow the participants to sit at their respective workplaces and communicating with the other participants partly through traditional communications channels and through the training system. The training sessions were then discussed in the subsequent Border Rescue Council meetings. By accessing the scenarios and exercises in the training system the participants from the various rescue teams took part in the training sessions.The project results show that there is a great need for this kind of training. The participating organizations express that the training sessions havebeen very instructive and that participants have gained new contacts or developed the contacts that were already established. The results also show that participants have directly benefited from the project during real emergency events. The project costshave amounted to approximately 3,2 SEK and just under 2,5 NOK. Expenses have primarily consisted of the working hours of partners and to some extent travel expenses. The travel expenses have been reduced by the frequent use of distance communication technologies instead of physical meetings.

  • 25.
    Assam, Awo
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Limbe beach Resort: A tourist website2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To make sure that customers keep coming back to a website, it is important for the pages to download fast and for customers to be able to use and understand the website. The objective of this project was to develop a tourist website. The project had further goals to do usability test and to test the load time of the pages. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), MySQL, Apache, JavaScript and CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) were used to developed and designed the website. Usability test was performed by allowing ten participants to evaluate the website and the result recorded. The website was uploaded to a free host service to get a web address and Gtmetrix tool used to analyse the performance of the web address. The result obtained was a functional website which sells books on African and Cameroon tourism, a website for authorized employees to add books, delete and view orders, reservations and feedback. For customers to make reservation, buy books and make payment using PayPal. The usability test result revealed that 90% of the participants agreed that the website was easy to use and they can easily get information, 80% agreed that they will frequently use the website while 20% agreed that it was difficult for them to keep track of where they were on the site. The result of the page load time showed that the contact page loaded in 1. 23 seconds, the home, reservation and registration pages loaded in 1.17 seconds while activity and shop pages loaded in 1.64 seconds and 2.44 seconds respectively. In conclusion, the page loaded fast, users understood the purpose of the site and they could easily navigate and use the website. Hence the task of developing a website, perform usability test and test the load time of the pages was achieved.

  • 26.
    Atif, Sohaib
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Mid sweden University.
    Cooperative diversity and downlink power control using PARPS with application to LTE services (eMBMS and CoMP)2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile devices and their applications are continuing to develop and the more advanced they are, the more they require high data ranges and the more they demand of the available wireless communication networks. At present, LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a good solution as it provides the users of mobile devices with a good throughput and a low latency. In the future, the two most important aspects for end users will be system spectral efficiency and system power controlling. This thesis deals with LTE downlink spectral efficiency and power controlling. The thesis will show how, by using IP multicasting for the LTE downlink, the base station is able to provide the necessary data through a significantly smaller spectrum and, additionally, how cooperative diversity, i.e. the cooperation between several base stations, can improve or even maximise the total network channel capacity, regardless of bandwidth size. A Packet and Resource Plan Scheduling algorithm (PARPS) is used to schedule the transmissions, and the results are calculated in MATLAB. By this means it is possible to analyse the efficiency of the spectrum management, the coverage probability and the power controlling for the different transmitters used for the LTE downlink.The LTE downlink scheme is simulated in Matlab for different numbers of transmitters (2-3). IP multicasting over the LTE downlink manages to transmit the same amount of data using less transmission power (50- 66.6%) with a better system spectral efficiency.

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    Essay Sohaib Atif
  • 27.
    Axelsson, Manfred
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Johansson, Amandus
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Effektiviseringsmöjligheter avseende fyllnadsgrad: En jämförande analys mellan nuläge och optimerat resultat2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The study aims to provide information on efficiency opportunities on SCA's northbound cassettes. It has been made by examining the capacity utilization rate on the northbound cassettes on SCA's vessels for a period of two weeks. The cargo loaded in the ports of Rotterdam and Sheerness consists of external cargo of varying shape. The cargo is shipped northbound to Holmsund and Sundsvall. Measurements have been made on the cargo to the final destinations Sundsvall, Holmsund and Finland. The measurements have been used in a mathematical optimization model created to optimize the loading of the cassettes. The model is based on placing boxes in a grid where the boxes that are placed representing the cargo and the grids representing the cassettes. The aim of the model is to reduce the number of cassettes and thereby increase the capacity utilization rate. The study resulted in an increase in capacity utilization rate for both area and volume to all destinations. The overall improvement for all cassettes examined resulted in an increase in the area capacity utilization rate by 9.02 percentage points and 5.72 percentage points for the volume capacity utilization rate. It also resulted in a decrease of 22 cassettes in total on the four voyages that were examined which indicate that there are opportunities to improve the capacity utilization rate. The study also shows that the model can be used as a basis for similar problems.

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  • 28.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Caiola, Stefano
    Natl Instruments Italy, I-20090 Milan, Italy.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Sisinni, Emiliano
    Univ Brescia, Dept Informat Engn, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Channel Diagnostics for Wireless Sensor Networks in Harsh Industrial Environments2014In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 14, no 11, p. 3983-3995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wireless sensor network communication in industrial environments is compromised by interference, multipath fading, and signal attenuation. In that respect, accurate channel diagnostics is imperative to selecting the adequate countermeasures. This paper presents the lightweight packet error discriminator (LPED) that infers the wireless link condition by distinguishing between errors caused by multipath fading and attenuation, and those inflicted by interfering wideband single-channel communication systems (e.g., IEEE 802.11b/g), based on the differences in their error footprints. The LPED uses forward error correction in a novel context, namely, to determine the symbol error density, which is then fed to a discriminator for error source classification. The classification criteria are derived from an extensive set of error traces collected in three different types of industrial environments, and verified on a newly collected set of error traces. The proposed solution is evaluated both offline and online, in terms of classification accuracy, speed of channel diagnostics, and execution time. The results show that in ≥91% of cases, a single packet is sufficient for a correct channel diagnosis, accelerating link state inference by at least 270%, compared with the relevant state-of-the-art approaches. The execution time of LPED, for the worst case of packet corruption and maximum packet size, is below 30 ms with ≤3% of device memory consumption. Finally, live tests in an industrial environment show that LPED quickly recovers from link outage, by losing up to two packets on average, which is only one packet above the theoretical minimum.

  • 29.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Channel Coding and Interleaving in Industrial WSN: Abiding to Timing Constraints and Bit Error Nature2013In: Proceedings - M and N 2013: 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Measurements and Networking, 2013, p. 46-51Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Forward Error Correction is a preemptive manner of improving communication reliability. Albeit not a part of IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard, its application in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks has been widely considered. Nevertheless, this study is the first performance analysis on real error traces with sufficiently lightweight channel codes, with respect to IEEE 802.15.4-2006 and industrial wireless communication timing constraints. Based on these constraints and bit error properties from the collected traces, the use of Reed-Solomon (15,7) block code is suggested, which can be implemented in software. Experiments show that bit error nature on links affected by multipath fading and attenuation in industrial environments is such that RS(15,7) can correct ≥95% of erroneously received packets, without the necessity for interleaving. On links under IEEE 802.11 interference, typically up to 50% of corrupted packets can be recovered by combining RS(15,7) with symbol interleaving, which has proven to be more effective than its bit counterpart. The optimal interleaving depth is found empirically and it is shown that simple bit-interleaved 1/3 repetition code achieves at least 90% of correcting performance of RS(15,7) code on uninterfered links that operate ≥10 dB above the sensitivity threshold.

  • 30.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    CLAP: Chip-Level Augmentation of IEEE 802.15.4 PHY for Error-Intolerant WSN Communication2015In: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Glasgow, Scotland: IEEE Vehicular Technology Society , 2015, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Communication reliability is the ultimate priority in safety-critical wireless sensor network (WSN) communication. Surprisingly enough, the enormous potential of error control on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) chips in IEEE 802.15.4 has been completely overlooked by the WSN community, possibly due to incorrect presumptions, such as the concerns about computational overhead. Current error-correction schemes in WSN counteract the error process once the errors have already propagated to bit- and packet-level. Motivated by the notion that errors should be confronted at the earliest stage, this work presents CLAP, a novel method that tremendously improves the error correction in WSN by fortifying the IEEE 802.15.4 Physical layer (PHY) with straightforward manipulations of DSSS chips. CLAP is implemented on a software-defined radio platform, and evaluated on real error traces from heavily WLAN-interfered IEEE 802.15.4 transmissions at 3 different environments. CLAP boosts the number of corrected packets by 1.78-6.88 times on severely interfered links, compared to two other state-of-the-art schemes. The overhead in terms of computational complexity is about 10% of execution time of the OQPSK demodulator in the legacy IEEE 802.15.4 receiver chain.

  • 31.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    LPED: Channel Diagnostics in WSN Through Channel Coding and Symbol Error Statistics2014In: IEEE ISSNIP 2014 - 2014 IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, Conference Proceedings, Singapore: IEEE Sensors Council, 2014, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three major obstacles to wireless communication are electromagnetic interference, multipath fading and signal attenuation. The former stems mainly from collocated wireless systems operating in the same frequency band, while the latter two originate from physical properties of the environment. Identifying the source of packet corruption and loss is crucial, since the adequate countermeasures for different types of threats are essentially different. This problem is especially pronounced in industrial monitoring and control applications, where IEEE 802.15.4 communication is expected to deliver data within tight deadlines, with minimal packet loss. This work presents the Lightweight Packet Error Discriminator (LPED) that distinguishes between errors caused by multipath fading and attenuation, and those inflicted by IEEE 802.11 interference. LPED uses Forward Error Correction to determine the symbol error positions inside erroneously received packets and calculates the error density, which is then fed to a discriminator for error source classification. The statistical constituents of LPED are obtained from an extensive measurement campaign in two different types of industrial environments. The classifier incurs no overhead and in ≥90% of cases a single packet is sufficient for a correct channel diagnosis. Experiments show that LPED accelerates link diagnostics by at least 190%, compared to the relevant state-of-the-art approaches.

  • 32.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    PREED: Packet Recovery by Exploiting the Determinism in Industrial WSN Communication2015In: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS 2015, Fortaleza, Brazil: IEEE Computer Society, 2015, p. 81-90Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The requirements of safety-critical wireless sensornetwork (WSN) applications, such as closed-loop control andtraffic safety, cannot be met by the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standardnor its industrial WSN (IWSN) derivatives. The main problem inthat respect is the communication reliability, which is seriouslycompromised by 2.4-GHz interference, as well as multipathfading and attenuation (MFA) at industrial facilities. Meanwhile,communication blackouts in critical WSN applications maylead to devastating consequences, including production halts,damage to production assets and can pose a threat to safetyof human personnel. This work presents PREED, a method toimprove the reliability by exploiting the determinism in IWSNcommunication. The proposed solution is based on the analysisof bit error traces collected in real transmissions at four differentindustrial environments. A case study on WirelessHART packetformat shows that PREED recovers 42%-134% more packetsthan the competing approaches on links compromised by WLANinterference. In addition, PREED reduces one of the most trivialcauses of packet loss in IWSN, i.e. the corruption offrame lengthbyte, by 88% and 99%, for links exposed to WLAN interferenceand MFA, respectively.

  • 33.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. ABB Corp Res, S-72178 Vasteras, Sweden.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Scrutinizing Bit- and Symbol-Errors of IEEE 802.15.4 Communication in Industrial Environments2014In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, ISSN 0018-9456, E-ISSN 1557-9662, Vol. 63, no 7, p. 1783-1794Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The knowledge of error nature in wireless channels is an essential constituent of efficient communication protocol design. To this end, this paper is the first comprehensive bit- and symbol-level analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 transmission errors in industrial environments. The intention with this paper is to extract the error properties relevant for future improvements of wireless communication reliability and coexistence of radio systems in these harsh conditions. An extensive set of bit-error traces was collected in a variety of scenarios and industrial environments, showing that error behavior is highly dependent on the cause of packet corruption. It is shown that errors inflicted by multipath fading and attenuation exhibit different properties than those imposed by IEEE 802.11 interference. The statistical behavior of these two patterns is concurrently investigated in terms of differences in bit-error distribution, error burst length, channel memory length, and the scale of packet corruption. With these conclusions at hand, abiding to the computational constraints of embedded sensors and the statistical properties of bit-errors, a Reed-Solomon $(15,k)$ block code is chosen to investigate the implications of bit-error nature on practical aspects of channel coding and interleaving. This paper is concluded by a number of findings of high practical relevance, concerning the optimal type, depth, and meaningfulness of interleaving.

  • 34.
    Barac, Filip
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Gidlund, Mikael
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Zhang, Tingting
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Ubiquitous, yet Deceptive: Hardware-Based Channel Metrics on Interfered WSN Links2015In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, E-ISSN 1939-9359, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 1766-1778Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ease of acquiring hardware-based link quality indicators is an alluring property for fast channel estimation in time- and safety-critical Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications, such as closed-loop control and interlocking. The two rudimentary hardware-based channel quality metrics, Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Link Quality Indicator (LQI), are the key constituents of channel estimation and a plethora of other WSN functionalities, from routing to transmit power control. Nevertheless, this study highlights three deficient aspects of these two indicators: 1) overall deceptiveness, i.e. the inability to reveal the presence of interference, falsely indicating excellent channel conditions in an unacceptably high fraction of cases; 2) the burstiness of missed detections, which compromises the attempts to eliminate the deceptiveness by averaging; 3) high mutual discrepancy of the two indicators, observed in 39-73% of packets, throughout different scenarios. The ability of RSS and LQI to indicate IEEE 802.11 interference is scrutinized in a variety of scenarios in typical industrial environments, using commercialoff- the-shelf hardware and realistic network topologies, giving the findings of this study a high general validity and practical relevance.

  • 35.
    Barkowsky, M
    et al.
    University of Nantes, France.
    Masala, E
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Van Wallendael, G
    Ghent University - iMinds, Belgium.
    Brunnström, Kjell
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden .
    Staelens, N
    Ghent University - iMinds, Belgium.
    Le Callet, P
    University of Nantes, France.
    Objective Video Quality Assessment - Towards large scale video database enhanced model development.2015In: IEICE transactions on communications, ISSN 0916-8516, E-ISSN 1745-1345, Vol. E98-B, no 1, p. 2-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current development of video quality assessment algorithms suffers from the lack of available video sequences for training, verification and validation to determine and enhance the algorithm's application scope. The Joint Effort Group of the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG-JEG) is currently driving efforts towards the creation of large scale, reproducible, and easy to use databases. These databases will contain bitstreams of recent video encoders (H.264, H.265), packet loss impairment patterns and impaired bitstreams, pre-parsed bitstream information into files in XML syntax, and well-known objective video quality measurement outputs. The database is continuously updated and enlarged using reproducible processing chains. Currently, more than 70,000 sequences are available for statistical analysis of video quality measurement algorithms. New research questions are posed as the database is designed to verify and validate models on a very large scale, testing and validating various scopes of applications, while subjective assessment has to be limited to a comparably small subset of the database. Special focus is given on the principles guiding the database development, and some results are given to illustrate the practical usefulness of such a database with respect to the detailed new research questions.

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  • 36.
    Barkowsky, Marcus
    et al.
    LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597, France .
    Li, Jing
    LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597, France .
    Han, Taehwan
    Youn, Sungwook
    Ok, Jiheon
    Lee, Chulhee
    Hedberg, Christer
    Dept. of Netlab, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden .
    Ananth, Indirajith Vijai
    Dept. of Netlab, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden .
    Wang, Kun
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Computer and System science. Dept. of Netlab, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden .
    Brunnström, Kjell
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Dept. of Netlab, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden .
    Le Callet, Patrick
    LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597, France .
    Towards standardized 3DTV QoE assessment: Cross-lab study on display technology and viewing environment parameters2013In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2013, p. Art. no. 864809-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Subjective assessment of Quality of Experience in stereoscopic 3D requires new guidelines for the environmental setup as existing standards such as ITU-R BT. 500 may no longer be appropriate. A first step is to perform cross-lab experiments in different viewing conditions on the same video sequences. Three international labs performed Absolute Category Rating studies on a freely available video database containing degradations that are mainly related to video quality degradations. Different conditions have been used in the labs: Passive polarized displays, active shutter displays, differences in viewing distance, the number of parallel viewers, and the voting device. Implicit variations were introduced due to the three different languages in Sweden, South Korea, and France. Although the obtained Mean Opinion Scores are comparable, slight differences occur in function of the video degradations and the viewing distance. An analysis on the statistical differences obtained between the MOS of the video sequences revealed that obtaining an equivalent number of differences may require more observers in some viewing conditions. It was also seen that the alignment of the meaning of the attributes used in Absolute Category Rating in different languages may be beneficial. Statistical analysis was performed showing influence of the viewing distance on votes and MOS results.

  • 37.
    Barkowsky, Marcus
    et al.
    LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597, Rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France.
    Sedano, Iñigo
    TECNALIA, ICT - European Software Institute, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia Edificio 202 E-48170 Zamudio, Spain.
    Brunnström, Kjell
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Dept. of Netlab, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden, .
    Leszczuk, Mikołaj
    AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Kraków, Poland.
    Staelens, Nicolas
    Ghent University - iMinds, Department of Information Technology, Ghent, Belgium.
    Hybrid video quality prediction: Re-viewing video quality measurement for widening application scope2015In: Multimedia tools and applications, ISSN 1380-7501, E-ISSN 1573-7721, Vol. 74, no 2, p. 323-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A tremendous number of objective video quality measurement algorithms have been developed during the last two decades. Most of them either measure a very limited aspect of the perceived video quality or they measure broad ranges of quality with limited prediction accuracy. This paper lists several perceptual artifacts that may be computationally measured in an isolated algorithm and some of the modeling approaches that have been proposed to predict the resulting quality from those algorithms. These algorithms usually have a very limited application scope but have been verified carefully. The paper continues with a review of some standardized and well-known video quality measurement algorithms that are meant for a wide range of applications, thus have a larger scope. Their individual artifacts prediction accuracy is usually lower but some of them were validated to perform sufficiently well for standardization. Several difficulties and shortcomings in developing a general purpose model with high prediction performance are identified such as a common objective quality scale or the behavior of individual indicators when confronted with stimuli that are out of their prediction scope. The paper concludes with a systematic framework approach to tackle the development of a hybrid video quality measurement in a joint research collaboration.

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  • 38.
    Behnami Amin, Shayan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    CRM i små och medelstora företag: En studie om företagens behov av CRM-funktioner2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During recent decades, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) hasbeen receiving increased attention. Searches within scientific articles andliteratures show that there is a need for increased knowledge in CRMand its functionality. The company studied in this work is an independentIT and management company that provides CRM and ERP systemsto customers in various industries. According to the companyʹs experience,their customers have different requirements and expectations ofthe functionality within CRM systems and also of the CRM functionalitythat can be found in other systems, such as ERP systems. There isfunctionality within the customersʹ ERP‐/financial systems which mayoverlap functions in the CRM system. The purpose of this study is tocreate a greater understanding of CRM systemsʹ role and its functions.The results are based on a random sample of eight companies in Sweden,within various industries, which are both small and medium sized.The survey was conducted by means of interview sessions with respondentswho are familiar with the company‐customer relationshipmanagement. Interview opportunities concern the collection of informationregarding the CRM functions and features within the ERP‐/financial systems of a current CRM system, which correspond to thedesired CRM functionality. The result shows that the business needs ofnew systems can be realized through the development of existingsystems rather than new systems. It also shows that the companiesʹ ERP‐/financial systems are used purely for financial matters and not for CRMfunctionality. Small and medium‐sized enterprises solve their CRMissues and financial matters by means of separate IT solutions.

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  • 39.
    Bekele, Israel
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Mobile Apps for Ethiopian Commodity Exchange2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the African continent the mobile phones are already contributing theirshare in the development of the continent. Specially in Ethiopia, in onedirection, the users of mobile phones are increasing each year and mostimportantly the small scale farmers who contribute 85% of the country’spopulation are using these devices to trade their surplus products in anefficient manner and better deal thus earn good profit. In anotherdirection, Ethiopia has set up its own Commodity Exchange in 2008 sothat farmers and traders could buy and sell commodities in an efficientand transparent manner. Taking into consideration both of thesedevelopments carried out to encourage smooth trade and modernmarking strategies, this project has a target to come up with mobileapplications for the Android mobile platform and iPhone users in the firstphase of implementation. Accordingly, the app developed will help to getreal time Ethiopia commodity Exchange (ECX) market prices, commodityrelated headlines, weather forecasts and other relevant news. It willcontribute to standardize the way ECX is performing to link up differentparties specially farmers who make up majority of the country’spopulation and support the economy of the country in a great deal withthe traders. Although the mobile app developed does not have an aim tobring in significant change into the existing system at the currentpenetration of Smartphone in the country, it helps to disseminateinformation in standardized manner as in big commodity exchanges andbesides, we believe in the future it will be the convenient and widely usedmeans to reach the traders with necessary information.

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  • 40.
    Beltramelli, Luca
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Österberg, Patrik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Modelling of EnergyConsumption in IEEE 802.11.ah Networks for M2M Traffic2016In: Proceedings of SNCNW 2016: The 12th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop, 2016, p. 38-41Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IEEE 802.11ah is a sub-1 GHz standard designed to meet the requirements of future machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. The standard should be able to support use cases for the M2M communications with thousands of stations capable of generating both periodic and aperiodic traffic for a single access point. In some cases, like environmental and agricultural monitoring. the nodes are typically powered by battery or through energy harvesting. For this application it is important for the communication to be energy efficient. IEEE 802.11ah introduces new energy saving mechanisms and a novel channel access mechanism to achieve this objective even for networks with a large nodes number. This work proposes a mathematical model to compute the energy consumption of an IEEE 802.11ah network.

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  • 41.
    Berglund, Johan
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Testautomatisering for Android: Integration av automatiserade tester i ett agilt arbetssätt2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile application development and testing involves even greater challenges than traditional software development, given that the large number of existing devices, each with unique hardware configuration and operating system needs to be considered. Software testing constitutes a big and important part of development, where the majority of the tests are performed manually. This is time consuming and expensive. The purpose of this thesis project is therefor to examine the current test process at the company Dewire, in an effort to find ways to improve it by introducing automated tests for the Android mobile platform. The automation frameworks Appium and Espresso will be evaluated and combined with existing systems like Jenkins that already applied in Dewires agile work procedure. A test environment been implemented during this thesis project as a proof of concept, where tests are run on a real device as the application is being built. Test cases from an ongoing development project has been implemented and the results evaluated. This thesis project has shown that the framework Espresso together with a Jenkins build-server has great potential to reduce manual testing and streamline the test process. It has also shown that test automation should be implemented from start of a project, where tests are continuously kept up to date during development to be profitable. At the same time results show that test automation involves a significant time investment before time and money can be saved.

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  • 42.
    Bergman, Ellinor
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Sassa – En webbapplikation för kreativa briefs2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det här projektet har inneburit att skapa en webbapplikation förföretag som vill kunna inhämta information från kund i form avkreativa briefs på ett smidigt sätt innan ett projekt initieras. Dennawebbapplikation har skapats eftersom företaget Nuadesignbehövde ett bättre sätt att hantera inhämtad information. På grundav projektets storlek, samt tidsbegränsningar, så har avgränsningarvarit tvungen att göras. Under projektets gång så har saker somanvändbarhet, tillgänglighet och laddningstider tagits i beräkning.

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  • 43.
    Bergman, Jens
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Wallin, Fredrik
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    3D-portal: Kommunikation i 3D2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In todays society internet is used for communication between each other aroundthe world. The first video call was made around the year 1940 and it is time fora development, where 3D is something that can make video calls more real. Tomake this possible a system was constructed that would be able to get data fromdifferent time-of-flight cameras and color cameras and audio devices. That datashould later on be compressed and transmitted over internet to be able to play iton someone else’s 3D-display. To prevent the feeling of delay in the call, allparts together must happen in real time. The development methods that havebeen used is pair programming and a variation of test-driven development. Thesystem has been evaluated by time messurements, image quality and data sizeto find a good balance between time and quality. The system was constructedby five parts: capturing of images and audio, image upscaling, compression anddecompression, network streaming and also rendering. The result showed thatthe parts affected by data size and image quality could achieve a good balancebetween time and quality. However, all goals could not be achieved becausesome parts where too slow for the real time goal to be achieved and also someparts could not be constructed in time. Since the system was built up modularlythe parts that did not achieve the goals can be improved or replaced. Based onthe results, solution proposals was made to improve the results for a possiblefurther development.

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    3D-portal
  • 44.
    Blusi, Madeleine
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences. Department of Research and Development, Association of Local Authorities in Västernorrland County, Härnösand, Sweden .
    Dalin, Rolf
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Department of Research and Development, Association of Local Authorities in Västernorrland County, Härnösand, Sweden.
    Jong, Mats
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences.
    The benefits of e-health support for older family caregivers in rural areas2014In: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, ISSN 1357-633X, E-ISSN 1758-1109, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 63-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We conducted a pragmatic, mixed methods study comparing rural family caregivers receiving e-health caregiver support (n = 35) with a control group (n = 21) receiving conventional, non-e-health, caregiver support. After 18 months, the benefits of support were evaluated using the Care Effectiveness Scale (40-items exploring the domains of preparedness, enrichment and predictability). In all domains the e-health group scored significantly higher than the control group. The adjusted difference for overall benefits was 3.0 (P = 0.02) on the scale 0-10. In addition, semi structured interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of the caregivers. For the e-health group flexibility, availability and being able to individualise the support were essential factors. All caregivers in the control group found conventional support to be beneficial, but also stressed unmet needs related to the conventional support being standardised and non-flexible. The study suggests that providers of caregiver support should offer e-health support as an alternative to conventional caregiver support, as it can be more beneficial to family caregivers.

  • 45.
    Blusi, Madeleine
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences.
    Jong, Mats
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences.
    Dalin, Rolf
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. the Association of Local Authorities FoU Västernorrland - the Association of Local Authorities in Västernorrland.
    Older People Using e-Health Services—Exploring Frequency of Use and Associations with Perceived Benefits for Spouse Caregivers2016In: Informatics, ISSN 2227-9709, Vol. 3, no 3, article id 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ICT, information- and communication technologies, and e-health services are essential for meeting future care demands. Greater knowledge regarding the implementation of e-health services in long-term care for older people is needed. The purpose of the study was to explore older people’s use of e-health services and associations between frequency of use and perceived benefits. In the longitudinal comparative intervention study (n = 65), intervention group participants (n = 42) used an e-health service for 1.5 years. A control group (n = 23) used similar services provided in a traditional manner. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using linear and logistic regressions. Although general use of the Internet was similar in both groups, the e-health group perceived significantly higher benefits. The component information- and education programs, developed specifically for the e-health service, had the highest association with benefits. Conclusion: e-health services targeted at supporting older people who care for a spouse at home can provide benefits which most likely will not be obtained without participation in an organized e-service. Care professionals play an essential role in encouraging spouse caregivers to become e-service users. Keywords: e-health; spouse caregiver; caregiver support; independence; frequency of use; benefits

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  • 46. Bosk, Daniel
    et al.
    Kjellqvist, Martin
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Buchegger, Sonja
    Towards Perfectly Secure and Deniable Communication Using an NFC-Based Key-Exchange Scheme2015In: SECURE IT SYSTEMS, NORDSEC 2015, 2015, Vol. 9417, p. 72-87Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we first analyse the possibility for deniability under a strong adversary, who has an Internet-wide transcript of the communication. Secondly, we present a scheme which provides the desirable properties of previous messaging schemes, but with stronger deniability under the new adversary model. Our scheme requires physical meetings for exchanges of large amounts of random key-material via near-field communication and later uses this random data to key a one-time pad for text-messaging. We prove the correctness of the protocol and, finally, we evaluate the practical feasibility of the suggested scheme.

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  • 47.
    Brucksch, Christoph
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    Yes We Can – Cashsystem2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The present paper will provide an understanding of the bachelor thesis project "YWC"which is the abbreviation for "Yes We Can" and the basic implementation of a customizablebusiness software for small businesses.The purpose of this report is to give an overview of the technologies used includingHTML5, CSS3, PHP, JavaScript, JQuery and AJAX. The project in hand also intendsto present the principles about native and relational databases and compare both technologies.Subsequently, the report provides background information about the principlesof computer security and explains the form of attacks and possible threats thatcome to mind regarding web applications like YWC covering Basic encryption principles.Within the scope of this report, YWC will be compared to a competing product calledPrestaShop 1.6 which is very similar to YWC in terms of intention, function, technologyand it is also a web-application.The background knowledge provided is followed by a detailed description of themethodology of the system, giving the reader an overview of the system and the Userinterface. Afterwards, the results of the YWC project will be compared to PrestaShop1.6 in order to evaluate and discuss the question whether it is useful to implement anapplication such as YWC from the start or rather develop on top of an open-source solutionlike PrestaShop.

  • 48.
    Brunnström, K
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems.
    3D user experience and display performance2013In: Proceedings, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Brunnström, K
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Acreo Swedish ICT AB.
    Wang, K
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB.
    Andrén, B
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB.
    Simulator sickness analysis of 3D video viewing on passive 3DTV2013In: Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXIV / [ed] Woods, A. J., Holliman, N. S., and Favalora, G. E., Bellingham, WA, USA: SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2013, p. 864802-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Brunnström, Kjell
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information and Communication systems. Acreo Swedish ICT AB.
    Ahlgren, Bengt
    SICS Swedish ICT AB.
    Lagerstedt, Christina
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB.
    Kihl, Maria
    Lund University.
    Novak, Anette
    Interactive Institute Swedish ICT AB.
    Future Media Distribution: An Innovation Agenda for Digital Media Distribution2015Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this agenda is to create a solid research and innovation program concerning digital media distribution. It aims at groundbreaking renewal and a sustainable development for both Swedish industry and Swedish society. The agenda starts out by mapping the state of affairs in the Trends-chapter, then points out difficulties in Challenges, provides Goals, and lists the means to achieve these goals in the Activities-chapter.

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