The objective of the pilot study was to compare validity and reliability properties of Polar RS800CX (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) against simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) measuring time- and frequency-based short-term heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, in dogs during stationary standing position. Five-minute recordings with less than 5% error rates from inter-beat interval (IBI) series obtained by Polar RS800CX and ECG, in 8 adult dogs, were used for HRV analysis. Polar data were statistically compared to the ECG data to assess for systematic differences in time- and frequency-based HRV parameters. Relative and absolute reliabilities were estimated by intraclass correlation coefficient, Spearman ρ, Bland and Altman analysis, standard error of measurement, and standard error of measurements in percentage. Paired t test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the measurement methods. Results: There were high correlation coefficients between HRV parameters obtained from Polar RS800CX and ECG. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.98-1.00, and Spearman ρ was 0.93-0.98. There were differences between the methods in 2 HRV parameters, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal IBIs (SDNN) (P = 0.035) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to normal IBIs (RMSSD) (P = 0.034). Standard error of measurements was between 2.8-11.6% in ECG and between 2.6-11.8% in Polar, indicating rather high measurement error in 3 of the HRV parameters in both measurement methods. Close agreements and high correlation estimates in this pilot study indicated acceptable relative reliability in Polar RS800CX measuring time- and frequency-based HRV parameters in the group of dogs studied. However, the present pilot study revealed differences between Polar RS800CX and ECG in time-based standard deviation of normal-to-normal and square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to normal parameters, and that small amounts of erroneous IBI segments from Polar negatively impact on the validity and reliability properties of Polar RS800CX. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess criterion validity, and relative and absolute reliability of Polar® RS800CX heart rate monitor, compared to simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) data, in measuring heart rate of dogs during standing position and at trot on a treadmill.
Methods
Heart beats from Polar® RS800CX and Cardiostore ECG were recorded simultaneously during seven continuous minutes in standing position and at trot, in 10 adult healthy dogs. Polar® data was statistically compared to ECG data for a variety of mean beats per minute (BPM), standard deviation and confidence interval. Criterion validity was calculated by Pearson product moment correlation method and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1). Relative and absolute reliability were calculated by ICC2.1, the Bland and Altman analysis and standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%).
Results
The correlation, criterion validity, between Polar® and ECG data in standing position was r = 0.99 (p < 0.0005) and at trot r = 0.97 (p < 0.0005). Polar® data was not significantly different from ECG data. Mean difference between ECG and uncorrected Polar® data was − 0.6 BPM in standing position and − 0.6 BPM at trot. Polar® was over- and underestimating ECG data. SEM and SEM% in standing were ± 2.6 BPM and 3.0%, at trot ± 3.8 BPM and 3.1%, indicating that measurement errors were low.
Conclusion
This study showed that the criterion validity and the instrument reliability were excellent in Polar® RS800CX heart rate measuring system. The equipment seemed to be valid and reliable in measuring BPM in the dogs studied during submaximal cardiovascular conditions such as in standing position and at trot on a treadmill.
Hysterektomi är ett kirurgiskt ingrepp där man opererar bort livmodern på kvinnor där en genital rubbning uppkommit. Syftet med detta arbete var att ge en klarare bild om hur kvinnor upplever detta ingrepp samt hur vårdpersonalen skall bemöta och kunna ge kvinnan stöd om så skulle behövas. Syftet med studien var att genom en litteraturstudie belysa kvinnors upplevelser av hysterektomi samt behov av stöd. En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes där tretton vetenskapliga studier har inkluderats. Resultatet presenteras i två huvudkategorier, kvinnors upplevelser vid hysterektomi samt kvinnors behov av stöd. Båda kategorierna innefattade underkategorier vilka var livskvalitet, sexualitet, stöd samt information. Resultatet visade på att större delen av kvinnorna som genomgått hysterektomi var nöjda med ingreppet, då ett stort handikapp de dragits med en lång tid lättade eller försvann helt. Kvinnorna saknade information om tiden efter operationen. Information har en stor betydelse av hur kvinnorna upplever hysterektomi. Sammanfattningsvis är det viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal har den kunskapen att ge rätt information vid rätt tillfälle. För att hjälpa de kvinnor som skall genomgå hysterektomi bör vårdpersonalen även kunna vara ett stöd, så att sjukhusvistelsen blir en god upplevelse för dessa kvinnor.