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Characterisation of a PERCIVAL monolithic active pixel prototype using synchrotron radiation
DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY))
DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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2016 (English)In: Journal of Instrumentation, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 11, no 2, article id C02090Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

PERCIVAL ("Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large") is a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) based on CMOS technology. Is being developed by DESY, RAL/STFC, Elettra, DLS, and PAL to address the various requirements of detectors at synchrotron radiation sources and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) in the soft X-ray regime. These requirements include high frame rates and FELs base-rate compatibility, large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, high quantum efficiency (QE), and (multi-)megapixel arrangements with good spatial resolution. Small-scale back-side-illuminated (BSI) prototype systems are undergoing detailed testing with X-rays and optical photons, in preparation of submission of a larger sensor. A first BSI processed prototype was tested in 2014 and a preliminary result—first detection of 350eV photons with some pixel types of PERCIVAL—reported at this meeting a year ago. Subsequent more detailed analysis revealed a very low QE and pointed to contamination as a possible cause. In the past year, BSI-processed chips on two more wafers were tested and their response to soft X-ray evaluated. We report here the improved charge collection efficiency (CCE) of different PERCIVAL pixel types for 400eV soft X-rays together with Airy patterns, response to a flat field, and noise performance for such a newly BSI-processed prototype sensor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 11, no 2, article id C02090
Keywords [en]
X-ray detectors, Instrumentation for FEL, Solid state detectors
National Category
Engineering and Technology Subatomic Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27220DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/11/02/C02090ISI: 000371479800090Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84961129746Local ID: STCOAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-27220DiVA, id: diva2:910038
Conference
17th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors
Available from: 2016-03-08 Created: 2016-03-08 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Advanced X-ray Detectors for Industrial and Environmental Applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Advanced X-ray Detectors for Industrial and Environmental Applications
2016 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The new generation of X-ray free electron laser sources arecapable of producing light beams with billion times higherpeak brilliance than that of the best conventional X-ray sources.This advancement motivates the scientific community to pushforward the detector technology to its limit, in order to de-sign photon detectors which can cope with the extreme fluxgenerated by the free electron laser sources. Sophisticated ex-periments like deciphering the atomic details of viruses, filmingchemical reactions or investigating the extreme states of matterrequire detectors with high frame rate, good spatial resolution,high dynamic range and large active sensor area. The PERCI-VAL monolithic active pixel sensor is being developed by aninternational group of scientists in collaboration to meet theaforementioned detector requirements within the energy rangeof 250 eV to 1 keV, with a quantum efficiency above 90%.In this doctoral researchwork, Monte Carlo algorithm basedGeant4 and finite element method based Synopsys SentaurusTCADtoolkits have been used to simulate, respectively, theX-rayenergy deposition and the charge sharing in PERCIVAL. Energydeposition per pixel and charge sharing between adjacent pixelsat different energies have been investigated and presented.Novel methods for industrial and environmental applica-tions of some commercially available X-ray detectors have beendemonstrated. Quality inspection of paperboards by resolv-ing the layer thicknesses and by investigating orientation ofthe cellulose fibres have been performed using spectroscopicand phase-contrast X-ray imaging. It was found that, usingphase-contrast imaging it is possible to set burn-out like qualityindex on paperboards non-destructively. X-ray fluoroscopicmeasurements have been conducted in order to detect Cr inwater. This method can be used to detect Cr and other toxicelements in leachate in landfills and other waste dumping sites.

Abstract [sv]

Acceleratorbaserade röntgenkällor utvecklas ständigt, dessakan producera röntgenstrålning med miljarder gånger så högeffekttäthet som de starkaste konventionella röntgenkällorna.Därför finns en vetenskaplig utmaning att utveckla röntgende-tektorer som inte förstörs i de extrema flöden som genereras avdessa röntgenkällor. De visioner som finns för de nya källornaär t.ex.; att avbilda detaljer av virus ner på atomnivå, att filmakemiska reaktioner eller att undersöka extrema tillstånd hos ma-teria. Dessa typer av experiment kräver röntgendetektorer medhög bildhastighet, hög spatial upplösning och stort intensitets-omfång och stor aktiv sensoryta. Detektorsystemet PERCIVALsom bygger på aktiva pixlar med energiupplösning utvecklasinom ett internationellt vetenskapligt samarbetsprojekt. Må-let är att uppfylla detektorspecifikationerna för de nämndaexperimenten inom energiområdet 250 eV till 1 keV, med enkvantverkningsgrad över 90 %.I föreliggande vetenskapliga avhandlingsarbete har simule-ringar av energideponering i PERCIVAL-detektorn genomförtsbaserat på Monte Carlo-algoritmer och simuleringar av ladd-ningsdelning mellan pixlar har simulerats med hjälp av finitaelementmetoden. Därmed har energideponeringen per pixeloch laddningsdelningen mellan närliggande pixlar vid olikaenergier kunnat utredas och presenteras.I avhandlingen demonstreras nya lovande metoder för in-dustriella applikationer och miljöövervakning,därkommersiellttillgängliga röntgendetektorer kan användas. Kvalitetsövervak-ning av kartongtillverkning genom att mäta bestrykningstjock-lek och fiberorientering kan realiseras med energiupplöstaröntgenbilder eller faskontrastbilder i röntgenområdet. Det kankonstateras att med icke-förstörande provning, genom faskon-trastbilder, kan kvalitetsindexvärlden erhållas på samma sättsom kvalitetsindex kan erhållas från ”burn-out”-mätningar.Spektroskopiska mätningar av röntgenflourescens har genom-förts för att detektera krom (Cr) i vatten. Metodik för att detek-tera krom och andra giftiga metaller i lakvatten från deponioch annan lagring för giftigt avfall har utarbetats.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University, 2016. p. 159
Series
Mid Sweden University doctoral thesis, ISSN 1652-893X ; 253
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29264 (URN)STC (Local ID)978-91-88025-84-5 (ISBN)STC (Archive number)STC (OAI)
Public defence
2016-12-01, M108, Sundsvall, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2016-11-10 Created: 2016-11-10 Last updated: 2023-03-10Bibliographically approved

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Reza, SalimGraafsma, Heinz

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