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Centraliserat kontra decentraliserat inköp: Hur påverkas offentlig upphandling av olika inköpsstrukturer?
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Communication, Quality Management, and Information Systems (2023-).
2023 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this study is to investigate how purchasing in the public sector is affected by centralization and decentralization. This study is a systematic literature review. The study consists of the analysis of twelve scientific articles that were found by searching three different databases. Inductive approach was used to find patterns and themes among the articles resulting in three different themes: prices and discounts, budget and cost savings and performance. The studies show that centralized public procurement results in lower prices and higher discounts. This is due to large purchase quantities, high competition in bidding and contract awarding, and high concentration on the demand side. There is also a study that shows that centralized purchasing does not result in lower prices and in some cases even higher prices are obtained compared to a decentralized purchase. Centralized purchasing also leads to various types of budget and cost savings, better delivery times, better management of information as well as efficiency and better performance in times of crisis. Decentralizing allows organizations to make their own decisions which can be beneficial as they have a better understanding of the goods and services they need. However, the structure can lead to inefficiency and inefficient spendings. Furthermore, the results point out that there are advantages and disadvantages to both centralized and decentralized purchasing. Organizations must utilize the advantages of both structures and focus on the competence of the buyers. Choosing a purchasing structure in the public sector is a difficult task. Centralization of purchasing offers many advantages and seems to be the structure that public organizations are focusing on. A hybrid structure where public organizations can take advantage of both centralized and decentralized purchasing appears to be the optimal choice. The author believes that more research is needed in the area because the problem area, mainly regarding decentralized and hybrid purchasing in public organizations, is relatively unexplored.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur inköpsverksamhet i den offentliga sektorn påverkas av centralisering och decentralisering. Denna studie är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Studien består av analys av tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som hittades genom sökning på tre olika databaser. Induktiv ansats användes för att hitta mönster och teman bland artiklarna vilket resulterade i tre olika teman: priser och rabatter, budget- och kostnadsbesparingar och prestanda. De flesta studier visar att centraliserad offentlig upphandling resulterar i lägre priser och högre rabatter. Detta beror på stora inköpskvantiteter, hög konkurrens vid budgivning och kontraktstilldelning samt hög koncentration på efterfrågesidan. Det finns också en studie som visar att centraliserat inköp inte resulterar i lägre priser och i vissa fall erhålls även högre priser jämfört med ett decentraliserat inköp. Centraliserat inköp leder även till olika typer av budget- och kostnadsbesparingar, bättre leveranstider, bättre hantering av information samt effektivitet och bättre prestanda i kristider. Decentralisering av inköp tillåter organisationer att fatta egna beslut vilket kan vara gynnsamt eftersom de har en bättre förståelse av de varor och tjänster de behöver. Strukturen kan däremot leda till ineffektivitet och ineffektiva spenderanden. Vidare påpekar resultatet att det finns för- och nackdelar med både centraliserat och decentraliserat inköp. Organisationer ska utnyttja fördelarna i båda strukturer och fokusera på kompetensen hos inköparna. Att välja inköpsstruktur i offentlig sektor är en svår uppgift. Centralisering av inköp erbjuder många fördelar och verkar vara den struktur som offentliga organisationer fokuserar på. En hybrid struktur där offentliga organisationer kan utnyttja fördelarna från både centraliserat och decentraliserat inköp verkar vara det optimala valet. Författaren anser att det behövs mer forskning inom området eftersom problemområdet, främst gällande decentraliserat och hybrid inköp i offentliga organisationer, är relativt outforskat.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 39
Keywords [en]
Procurement, Public Procurement, Centralization, Decentralization
Keywords [sv]
Inköp, Offentlig upphandling, Centralisering, Decentralisering
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-52789OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-52789DiVA, id: diva2:1904672
Subject / course
Industrial Organization and Economy IE1
Educational program
Master of Science in Industrial Engineering and Management TINDA 300 higher education credits
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Examiners
Available from: 2024-10-10 Created: 2024-10-10 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved

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