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Hydrophobic matrix-free graphene-oxide composites with isotropic and nematic states
KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3310-9964
KTH, Polymera material.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5010-5391
KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8194-0058
KTH, Polymera material.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5133-4877
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2016 (English)In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 8, p. 14730-14745Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We demonstrate a novel route to synthesise hydrophobic matrix-free composites of polymer-grafted graphene oxide (GO) showing isotropic or nematic alignment and shape-memory effects. For the first time, a cationic macroinitiator (MI) has been immobilised on anionic GO and subsequently grafted with hydrophobic polymer grafts. Dense grafts of PBA, PBMA and PMMA with a wide range of average graft lengths (MW: 1–440 kDa) were polymerised by surface-initiated controlled radical precipitation polymerisation from the statistical MI. The surface modification is designed similarly to bimodal graft systems, where the cationic MI generates nanoparticle repulsion, similar to dense short grafts, while the long grafts offer miscibility in non-polar environments and cohesion. The state-of-the-art dispersions of grafted GO were in the isotropic state. Transparent and translucent matrix-free GO-composites could be melt-processed directly using only grafted GO. After processing, birefringence due to nematic alignment of grafted GO was observed as a single giant Maltese cross, 3.4 cm across. Permeability models for composites containing aligned 2D-fillers were developed, which were compared with the experimental oxygen permeability data and found to be consistent with isotropic or nematic states. The storage modulus of the matrix-free GO-composites increased with GO content (50% increase at 0.67 wt%), while the significant increases in the thermal stability (up to 130 °C) and the glass transition temperature (up to 17 °C) were dependent on graft length. The tuneable matrix-free GO-composites with rapid thermo-responsive shape-memory effects are promising candidates for a vast range of applications, especially selective membranes and sensors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry , 2016. Vol. 8, p. 14730-14745
Keywords [en]
graphene oxide, macro-initiator, ARGET ATRP, shape memory, isotropic, nematic, well-dispersed, orientation, matrix-free
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-46936DOI: 10.1039/C6NR01502FISI: 000381442500006PubMedID: 27230294Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84981501478OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-46936DiVA, id: diva2:1728935
Funder
SweGRIDS - Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy StorageEU, European Research Council
Note

QC 20160929

Available from: 2016-09-28 Created: 2023-01-19Bibliographically approved

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Wåhlander, Martin

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Wåhlander, MartinNilsson, FritjofCarlmark, AnnaGedde, Ulf WMalmström, Eva
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