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Source Tracking of Fecal Contamination in Northern Oligotrophic Rivers
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Ecotechnology and Suistainable Building Engineering. (Ekoteknik och miljövetenskap)
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Ecotechnology and Suistainable Building Engineering. (Ekoteknik och miljövetenskap)
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Ecotechnology and Suistainable Building Engineering. (Ecotechnology and environmental science)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3204-4089
2022 (English)In: PROCEEDINGS of the 28th Annual Conference, International Sustainable Development Research Society: Sustainable Development and Courage: Culture, Art and Human Rights / [ed] Peter Dobers & Malin Gawell, Stockholm, 2022Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Sustainable development
Hållbar utveckling
Abstract [en]

The naturally oligotrophic rivers in northern Sweden are generally characterized by a low pollution level. However, an increasing trend in E. coli contamination has been observed in the most upstream catchment area of one of the large rivers of Norhtern Sweden. This change in microbial water quality will have a severe negative impact on the ecosystem, wild animals, visitors, inhabitants as well as indigenous people dependent on the land for their daily income, such as Sami herders. To limit or prevent the discharge of fecal pollution into the river system and also to estimate the danger that this contamination can pose to human health, it is important to know the source of this contamination. Based solely on structured water sampling, it is still very difficult to pinpoint the sources of fecal pollution. Therefore, a combined analysis of eDNA and microbial source tracking of E. coli isolates from river samples was performed to identify the source of fecal pollution in the research area. E. coli isolates were collected from water samples taken along the tributaries Enan and Handölan. Simultaneously, eDNA samples were collected on the same locations. Additionally, fecal and sewage samples were taken to collect E. coli isolates with a known host source being either human, beaver or reindeer. Also, sequences from genomic E. coli DNA originating from human (obtained from NCBI and University of Alberta, School of Public Health) and from beaver (obtained from University of Alberta, School of Public Health) were collected and included in the study. E. coli isolates were used for the amplification of three Intergenic Regions and subsequent analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to identify host-specific genetic markers in the E. coli genome. eDNA samples were subjected to metabarcoding targeting mammal DNA to determine the relative species abundance in the water samples. The E. coli prevalence in the research area varies between <1 and 210 CFU/100mL and is dependent on e.g. sampling location (possible point sources), time (tourist intensity and area specific events such as reindeer calve marking) and weather (precipitation, river flow, UV radiation). A library containing the data from E. coli isolates that are known to be originating from the species human, beaver and reindeer was developed and used to identify the host source of the E. coli isolates collected from water samples. Consequently, E. coli isolates could be identified as originating from human, beaver, reindeer or a different mammal species. Results from the eDNA analysis provides information about the relative abundance of mammal species on a certain location. Although these results don´t provide a direct link to the presence or absence of fecal pollution by these species, it can provide interesting knowledge about the source of fecal pollution when combined with the E. coli prevalence data from the same sampling locations and times.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, 2022.
Keywords [en]
fecal contamination, oligotrophic river water, microbial source tracking
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-46816ISBN: 978-91-89504-17-2 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-46816DiVA, id: diva2:1726575
Conference
28th International Sustainable Development Research Society Conference, Stockholm, 15-17 June 2022
Projects
ECWA-NOR
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20190064Available from: 2023-01-13 Created: 2023-01-13 Last updated: 2023-01-16Bibliographically approved

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Maes, SharonOdlare, MonicaJonsson, Anders

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