Mid Sweden University

miun.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Aetiology and associations of halitosis: A systematic review
Show others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: Oral Diseases, ISSN 1354-523X, E-ISSN 1601-0825, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 1432-1438Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms ‘halitosis’, ‘bad-breath’, and ‘oral malodour causes and aetiology’. Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. Vol. 29, no 4, p. 1432-1438
Keywords [en]
breath, dental care, halitosis, malodour, oral cavity, respiration
National Category
Dentistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-44604DOI: 10.1111/odi.14172ISI: 000764968800001PubMedID: 35212093Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85125557456OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-44604DiVA, id: diva2:1644847
Available from: 2022-03-15 Created: 2022-03-15 Last updated: 2023-04-20Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Authority records

Lee, Ka Yiu

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Lee, Ka Yiu
By organisation
Department of Health Sciences (HOV)
In the same journal
Oral Diseases
Dentistry

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 89 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf