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Local and regional politicians’ considerations of newly arrived migrants’ health in political decision-making: a public health study in northern Sweden
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4091-3483
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5134-4338
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Health Sciences (HOV).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3664-8290
2023 (English)In: Journal of Public Health, ISSN 2198-1833, E-ISSN 1613-2238, Vol. 31, no 7, p. 1101-1111Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background and aim: Early action is important for promoting newly arrived migrants’ health. Politicians are major actors in decision-making that affects health outcomes in the population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore local and regional politicians’ considerations of newly arrived migrants’ health in political decision-making: whether politicians reflect on or discuss the effects of decision-making specifically on newly arrived migrants’ health, whether considerations differ between municipality and regional politicians, and how knowledge and attitudes are associated with such considerations. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. A total of 667 municipality and regional politicians from northern Sweden responded to a questionnaire developed based on interviews with politicians. Bivariate analyses were performed using χ2 tests, the independent samples t-test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results: Politicians considered the effects on newly arrived migrants’ health significantly less frequently than those on the total population’s health. Regional politicians discussed such effects more often than municipality politicians. Knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 1.343), attitude (OR = 5.962), previous experience working on public health issues (OR = 1.784), and female gender (OR = 1.787) were positively associated with considering effects on newly arrived migrants’ health in decision-making. Conclusion: Politicians play important roles in health promotion, and most consider health-related effects in their decision-making. However, about a third do not consider such effects. General health-related knowledge and attitude are important factors that could be affected or changed during political assignments. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2023. Vol. 31, no 7, p. 1101-1111
Keywords [en]
Cross-sectional study, Health promotion, Integration, Newly arrived migrants, Politicians, Questionnaire development
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42814DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01637-4ISI: 000683336000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85112108655OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-42814DiVA, id: diva2:1585428
Available from: 2021-08-17 Created: 2021-08-17 Last updated: 2025-02-20
In thesis
1. Health promotion in the integration of newly arrived migrants in northern Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Health promotion in the integration of newly arrived migrants in northern Sweden
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: Migrants, especially forced migrants, have an increased risk of ill health. Having a structural focus on health is crucial for battling health inequities. Actors outside the healthcare services are important to promote health, and both policy and political context are thus key to promoting the health of newly arrived migrants in Sweden. The aim of this thesis was to explore approaches to health promotion within the multi-level governance of the integration of newly arrived migrants in northern Sweden.

Methods: Different methods of data collection and analysis were used in the thesis. For Study I, policies relevant to Sweden’s Establishment Program were analyzed using discourse analysis. For Studies II and III, a questionnaire on politicians’ views on their roles, responsibilities, and possibilities to promote the health of newly arrived migrants was created based on interviews with politicians. In total, 667 politicians answered the questionnaire, and both bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. For Study IV, a secondary analysis of focus group interviews was performed. The interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Finally, Study V consists of interviews with civic communicators who work within the civic orientation for newly arrived migrants in Sweden. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. 

Results: The policy documents that described the Establishment Program in Sweden contained no explicit definition of health. The discourses of health showed a medicalized and individualized view of health, where ill health was considered a risk (Study I). Politicians more often considered health effects for the general population as a whole, rather than for newly arrived migrants specifically. Factors contributing to whether they considered health effects for newly arrived migrants included self-rated knowledge, attitude, being female, and having previous experience working in public health (Study II). Further, politicians rated societal responsibility and the possibility to promote health as higher for the population as a whole compared to newly arrived migrants specifically. The odds of rating societal responsibility and the possibility to promote health as high were associated with the factors attitude, specific knowledge of newly arrived migrants’ health status, personal interest in public health, being a municipality politician, and being female (Study III). Authority officials considered health promotion to be desirable within the Establishment Program, but the study results also raised complex issues within the existing organizations. The respondents described unclear roles but also organizational changes that could improve the possibility of working to promote health (Study IV). Finally, the civic communicators described that they viewed and approached health promotion through wanting to prepare the participants for a healthy life in Sweden. They described knowledge, but also their role as a guide for the participants, as important parts of their work (Study V). 

Conclusion: Within the integration of newly arrived migrants in Sweden, health promotion (and the possibility of health promotion) was invisible within the policy context. Within the political context, the focus on migrants’ health (specifically newly arrived migrants) tended to be invisible. This situation caused various uncertainties, such as a lack of definitions and assignments, for officials who worked directly with newly arrived migrants. Those who work closely with newly arrived migrants tended to have a better view of how health could be promoted through integration in Sweden.

Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Migranter, mer specifikt de som tvingats på flykt, har en ökad risk för att uppleva ohälsa. För att minska ojämlikheter i hälsa är fokus på de strukturella determinanterna för hälsa viktigt. Aktörer utanför hälso- och sjukvården är viktiga för att främja hälsa, både policy- och politiskt sammanhang är därför viktigt när det gäller att främja nyanländas hälsa i Sverige. Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka hur hälsofrämjande perspektiv tar sig uttryck inom de olika samhälleliga strukturer som är involverade i integrationen av nyanlända i norra Sverige.

Metoder: Fyra olika metoder användes i avhandlingen. Två studier (Studie II & III) var kvantitativa där data samlades in via en enkät som skickades ut till alla politiker i kommun- och regionfullmäktige i norra Sverige. Totalt svarade 667 politiker och deras svar analyserades genom bivariata och multivariata analyser. Tre studier (Studie I, IV & V) var kvalitativa till sin design. Studie I var en diskursanalys av policydokument relevanta för etableringsprogrammet. Studie IV var en sekundäranalys av intervjumaterial från fokusgruppsintervjuer med handläggare från arbetsförmedlingen och kommuner. Analysen gjordes med innehållsanalys. Studie V var en intervjustudie där transkriberade intervjuer med samhällskommunikatörer analyserades genom en tematisk analys.

Resultat: De policydokument som formar etableringsprogrammet i Sverige innehöll inga uttryckliga definitioner av hälsa. Diskurserna av hälsa visade en medikalisering och individualisering av hälsa, samt att hälsa främst var sedd genom risken för ohälsa (Studie I). När det gäller politikers syn på att främja hälsa så visade studierna att de oftare tog hänsyn till och funderade över befolkningen som helhet än för nyanlända specifikt. Faktorer som påverkade om de uppgav att de reflekterade över hälsoeffekter för nyanlända i sitt beslutsfattande var: självskattad kunskap, attityd, att de var kvinnor och att de hade tidigare erfarenhet av att arbeta med folkhälsorelaterade frågor (Studie II). Politiker skattade också samhällsansvaret och möjligheten att främja hälsa som större för befolkningen som helhet. Där var attityd, kunskap om nyanländas hälsa, personligt intresse i folkhälsorelaterade frågor, att de var kommunpolitiker och kvinna faktorer som avgjorde att de skattade samhällsansvaret och möjligheten högre (Studie III). Myndighetshandläggare beskrev att hälsofrämjande var viktigt, men komplicerat. De beskrev otydliga roller i förhållande till hälsofrämjande arbete, men hade också många lösningar på de problem som de stötte på. Slutligen beskrev samhällskommunikatörer att de tog sig an hälsofrämjande inom samhällsorienteringen genom att de rustar deltagarna för ett (hälsosamt) liv i Sverige. De såg kunskap och förmedling av kunskap till deltagarna som viktig för hälsa, och de såg sin egen roll som en guide för deltagarna som befann sig i ett nytt sammanhang.

Slutsats: Hälsofrämjande och möjligheten till hälsofrämjande har blivit osynliggjort inom integrationen av nyanlända i Sverige. Inom det politiska sammanhanget så har istället, då det finns ett hälsofokus, migrationsperspektivet blivit osynliggjort. Detta har skapat otydligheter, så som brist på definitioner och uppdrag, för personer som arbetar med nyanlända inom etableringen. De individer som arbetar närmast nyanlända har en tydligare bild av hur hälsa är och kan främjas inom integrationen av nyanlända i Sverige.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University, 2022. p. 124
Series
Mid Sweden University doctoral thesis, ISSN 1652-893X ; 375
Keywords
Health in All Policies, Health Promotion, Integration, Newly arrived migrants, Salutogenesis
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-46178 (URN)978-91-89341-76-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-28, C310, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-09-30 Created: 2022-09-30 Last updated: 2022-09-30Bibliographically approved

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Svanholm, SaraCarlerby, HeidiViitasara, Eija

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