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Variable low-density polylactic acid and microsphere composite material for additive manufacturing
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Electronics Design.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2965-0288
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2873-7875
Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals, Box 13000, 850 13 Sundsvall, Sweden.
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2021 (English)In: Additive Manufacturing, ISSN 2214-8604, E-ISSN 2214-7810, Vol. 40, article id 101925Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Thermally expandable microspheres are extensively used in industry as a lightweight filler for many products. The spheres can expand up to 60 times the initial size and are used for different purposes, including material reduction and surface modification. In fused filament fabrication (FFF), a material is deposited in a layer-by-layer process. Typically, FFF objects need not be solid because such objects are typically used for applications with low mechanical stress. Low material infill percentages are commonly used inside a solid outer shell to reduce material usage, weight, and manufacturing time. This paper proposes a new composite filament for FFF consisting of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermally expandable Expancel microspheres in the form of masterbatch granules. These filaments contain unexpanded microspheres that can be expanded during printing by heating. Two types of filaments containing 2 wt% and 5 wt% of masterbatch granules were manufactured and tested. The filaments were successfully used with a commercial 3D printer to manufacture objects with a density of 45% compared to objects manufactured using standard PLA. The tensile strength of these objects changed linearly with density and was comparable to that of PLA objects of the same density prepared using infill patterns. The composite filaments are advantageous in that they can reduce the amount of material used, as is currently done by using different amounts of infill in a pattern. Further, by varying the nozzle temperature, their density can be adjusted directly during printing as well as during fabrication to produce layers of different densities in the same object. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. Vol. 40, article id 101925
Keywords [en]
Additive manufacturing, Fused filament fabrication, Infill, Microsphere (MS), Nozzle temperature, Polylactic acid (PLA)
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41641DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2021.101925ISI: 000636557300020Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101812987OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-41641DiVA, id: diva2:1537371
Available from: 2021-03-15 Created: 2021-03-15 Last updated: 2021-05-17Bibliographically approved

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Andersson, HenrikÖrtegren, JonasZhang, RenyunOlin, Håkan

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Department of Electronics DesignDepartment of Natural Sciences
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