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Distance to threat and risk of acute and posttraumatic stress disorder following bank robbery: A longitudinal study
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6355-660x
2018 (English)In: Psychiatry Research, ISSN 0165-1781, E-ISSN 1872-7123, Vol. 267, p. 461-466, article id S0165-1781(17)31836-XArticle in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Identifying pathways through which environmental risk factors influence PTSD is important for understanding PTSD etiology. Here, we hypothesized that the physical proximity to threat influences PTSD risk by increasing ASD following trauma. One hundred six bank employees who had experienced a bank robbery participated in the study. A longitudinal design assessing ASD at day 2 and PTSD at day 30 was used to test the hypothesis. Participants also indicated their location in the bank at the time of the robbery. ASD was identified in 40 (38%) and PTSD in 16 (15%) of the robbery victims. Distance to the robber had a strong effect on ASD (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.94-6.34) and a somewhat lesser effect on PTSD (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.04-4.46), indicating that the effect of proximity to threat on PTSD 1 month following trauma could be mediated by its effect on ASD 2 days following trauma. Using structural equation modeling, we confirmed that the effect of distance on PTSD was fully mediated by ASD. These findings suggest that proximity to threat may increase PTSD risk by enhancing the acute stress response following trauma.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2018. Vol. 267, p. 461-466, article id S0165-1781(17)31836-X
National Category
Psychology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38872DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.050ISI: 000445983700068PubMedID: 29980125Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85049312430OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-38872DiVA, id: diva2:1423351
Available from: 2020-04-14 Created: 2020-04-14 Last updated: 2020-05-08Bibliographically approved

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Åhs, Fredrik

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CiteExportLink to record
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