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Bio-sludge from the pulp and paper industry as feed for black soldier fly larvae: A study of critical factors for growth and survival
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Ecotechnology and Suistainable Building Engineering. Ragn-Sells AB, Timrå, Sweden.
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6983-3121
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Ecotechnology and Suistainable Building Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3204-4089
2020 (English)In: Waste and Biomass Valorization, ISSN 1877-2641, E-ISSN 1877-265X, Vol. 11, p. 5679-5685Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Pulp and paper bio-sludge (PPBS) has low economic value and is therefore often composted or incinerated. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of using PPBS to breed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), so improving resource efficiency and supplying protein and fat to the animal feed market. BSFL were reared on PPBS in a climate chamber on a laboratory scale in order to assess nutrient deficiency, inhibition and whether the BSFL recycle the PPBS well or not. The PPBS used came from a chemi-thermomechanical pulp/groundwood pulp mill. The effect of supplementing nutrient solution added either into the PPBS or as a free liquid surface were studied. Prepupae dry weight, survival rate until prepupae stage and residual dry PPBS were measured. The addition of reference diet leachate into the PPBS did not have a significant impact on the weight of the prepupae (2.0 mg) but the survival rate was significantly higher (16.0 %). On the other hand, the addition of reference diet leachate as a free liquid surface had a significant impact on both the weight of the prepupae (4.8 mg) and the survival rate (25.7 %). The bio – conversion and PPBS – reduction was as best 0.4 % and 3.2 % respectively. This study has proven that the nutrients in PPBS are not readily available to the larvae. Addition of reference diet leachate increase the survival rate which opens up for possibilities of co-digestion. However, it is clear that under the tested conditions, BSFL is not recycling PPBS well and BSFL as a method for recycling of PPBS need further research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020. Vol. 11, p. 5679-5685
Keywords [en]
Pulp and paper bio-sludges, Valorization, Black Soldier Fly larvae
National Category
Environmental Sciences Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37565DOI: 10.1007/s12649-019-00864-xISI: 000493766400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85074726395OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-37565DiVA, id: diva2:1364833
Funder
Knowledge FoundationAvailable from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-22 Last updated: 2022-01-20
In thesis
1. Valorization of Low Value Organic Waste by the use of Black Soldier Fly Larvae – Bioconversion of Sludge from the Pulp and Paper Industry
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Valorization of Low Value Organic Waste by the use of Black Soldier Fly Larvae – Bioconversion of Sludge from the Pulp and Paper Industry
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The current economic system is not sustainable, as it is based on a linear flow of resources from extraction, production, use and disposal. The linear flow of resources must be replaced with a circular flow where waste is seen as a resource. The Circular economy has been suggested as a vision for how to organise production and consumption by reducing waste and supplying sustainable resources. In a circular economy materials should be kept at their highest utility and value at all times. As an example, wet, non-solid waste such as sludge from wastewater treatment facilities for household and industry sewage contains valuable resources. However, it is a challenge to valorize because of its low energy value, content of potential pathogens, pesticides and heavy metals. Pulp and paper bio-sludge (PPBS) is an example of this kind of difficult waste for which the current management methods only recover low values such as energy and compost. Thus, the discovery of sustainable ways to maximise the value of PPBS is needed.Ranking of valorization methods for PPBS was done based on assessment of technology readiness level, degree of circularity, PPBS characteristics and economic drivers (a top-down perspective).

The ranking procedure aimed at finding circular valorization methods with high potential in the mid-range of technology readiness level. Producing protein from PPBS was the highest ranked valorization method. A novel recycling method to produce protein from waste material is conversion of the waste by insects.

Valorization of PPBS into protein by Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL. Hermetia illucens) was assessed by lab scale rearing. However, the nutrients in PPBS are not readily available to the larvae. Simplexmanipulations such as adding reference diet leachate (nutrient solution) mixed into the PPBS or as free liquid surface did not significantly increase larvae weight gain or bioconversion rate. It is clear that low nutrient availability, the occurrence of toxic substances such as pesticides and other organic toxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals and pathogenic and/or competing microbes inhibit the growth of BSFL. PPBS therefore needs pre-treatment to improve its feasibility as feed for BSFL.

Pre-treatment of PPBS by fermentation dissolves a part of the PPBS and dissolved substances in the fermentation liquid are readily converted into larvae biomass. However, the bulk of the lignocellulose is not dissolved, thus most of PPBS nutrients remain unavailable for growth of the larvae. The BSFL did not grow well and pre-treatment of PPBS by fermentation did not improve its feasibility as feed for BSFL.

Hydrothermal pre-treatment of PPBS reduces microbial occurrence and increases nutrient availability. The growth of the larvae improves which leads to increased weight of BSFL thus the PPBS’s feasibility as feed for BSFL improves.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University, 2022. p. 58
Series
Mid Sweden University doctoral thesis, ISSN 1652-893X ; 364
Keywords
Sustainable sludge management, bioconversion, insect protein
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-44067 (URN)978-91-89341-46-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-02-25, F229, Kunskapens väg 8, Östersund, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knowledge FoundationEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
Note

Vid tidpunkten för framläggandet av avhandlingen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete II accepterat för publicering och delarbete IV inskickat.

At the time of the licentiate defence the following papers were unpublished: paper II accepted for publication and paper IV submitted.

Available from: 2022-01-24 Created: 2022-01-20 Last updated: 2022-01-24Bibliographically approved

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Norgren, RobertBjörkqvist, OlofJonsson, Anders

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