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Effects of Geometry on Large-scale Tube-shear Exfoliation of Multilayer Graphene and Nanographite in Water
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4303-2585
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3977-1892
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9137-3440
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering.
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2019 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 8966Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Industrially scalable methods for the production of graphene and other nanographites are needed to achieve cost-efficient commercial products. At present, there are several available routes for the production of these materials but few allow large-scale manufacturing and environmentally friendly low-cost solvents are rarely used. We have previously demonstrated a scalable and low-cost industrial route to produce nanographites by tube-shearing in water suspensions. However, for a deeper understanding of the exfoliation mechanism, how and where the actual exfoliation occurs must be known. This study investigates the effect of shear zone geometry, straight and helical coil tubes, on this system based on both numerical simulation and experimental data. The results show that the helical coil tube achieves a more efficient exfoliation with smaller and thinner flakes than the straight version. Furthermore, only the local wall shear stress in the turbulent flow is sufficient for exfoliation since the laminar flow contribution is well below the needed range, indicating that exfoliation occurs at the tube walls. This explains the exfoliation mechanism of water-based tube-shear exfoliation, which is needed to achieve scaling to industrial levels of few-layer graphene with known and consequent quality.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. Vol. 9, no 1, article id 8966
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36084DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45133-yISI: 000472137700062Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85067662886OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-36084DiVA, id: diva2:1313667
Available from: 2019-05-06 Created: 2019-05-06 Last updated: 2022-09-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Large-Scale Graphene Production for Environmentally Friendly and Low-Cost Energy Storage: Production, Coating, and Applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large-Scale Graphene Production for Environmentally Friendly and Low-Cost Energy Storage: Production, Coating, and Applications
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

There is great demand for energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective electrical energy storage devices. One important aspect of this demand is the need for automotive electrification to achieve more energy-efficient transportation at a reasonable cost, thus supporting a fossil-fuel free society. Another important aspect is the requirement for energy storage in the growing field of renewable energy production from wind and solar sources, which generates an irregular supply of electricity due to weather conditions.Much of the research in this area has been conducted in the field of battery technology with impressive results, but the need for rapid storage devices such as supercapacitors is growing. Due to the excellent ability of supercapacitors to handle short peak power pulses with high efficiency along with their long lifetime and superior cyclability, their implementations range from small consumer electronics to electric vehicles and stationary grid applications. Supercapacitors also have the potential to complement batteries to improve pulse efficiency and lifetime of the system, however, the cost of supercapacitors is a significant issue for large-scale commercial use, leading to a demand for sustainable, low-cost materials and simplified manufacturing processes. An important way to address this need is to develop a cost-efficient and environment-friendly large-scale process to produce highly conductive nanographites, such as graphene and graphite nanoplatelets, along with methods to manufacture low-cost electrodes from large area coating.

In this thesis, I present a novel process to mechanically exfoliate industrial quantities of nanographite from graphite in an aqueous environment with low energy consumption and at controlled shear conditions. The process is based on hydrodynamic tube-shearing and can produce both multilayer graphene and nanometer-thick and micrometer-wide flakes of nanographite. I also describe the production of highly conductive and robust carbon composites based on the addition of nanocellulose during production; these are suitable as electrodes in applications ranging from supercapacitors and batteries to printed electronics and solar cells.Furthermore I demonstrate a scalable route for roll-to-roll coating of the nanographite-nanocellulose electrode material and propose a novel aqueous, low-cost, and metal-free supercapacitor concept with graphite foil functioning as the current collector. The supercapacitors possessedmore than half the specific capacitance of commercial units but achieved a material cost reduction of more than 90 %, demonstrating anenvironment-friendly, low-cost alternative to conventional supercapacitors.

Abstract [sv]

Det finns en stor efterfrågan av energieffektiva, miljömässigt hållbara och kostnadseffektiva elektriska energilagringsenheter. En viktig del av denna efterfrågan kommer från fordonsindustrins behov av elektrifiering, för att uppnå mer energieffektiva fordon till en rimlig kostnad och på så vis bidra till ett fossilfritt samhälle. En annan viktig del är behovet av energilagring för den ökande andelen förnybar energiproduktion från sol- och vindkraft, som genererar elektrisk energi oregelbundet utifrån gällande väderförhållanden. Det pågår mycket forskning inom området för batteriteknik och framgångarna är imponerande men behovet växer också snabbt för snabba energilagrare som exempelvis superkondensatorer. Tack vare superkondensatorernas utmärkta prestanda, när det gäller att hantera korta effektpulser med hög effektivitet tillsammans med dess långa livslängd och överlägsna cyklingsbarhet, sträcker sig applikationerna frånhemelektronik till elfordon och elnätsapplikationer. Superkondensatorer har också potential att komplettera batterier för att uppnå energilagringssystem med ökad pulseffiktivitet och livslängd. Nackdelen är superkondensatorns kostnad, som markant hämmar storskaligkommersialisering, och således kräver utveckling av hållbara och kostnadseffektiva material tillsammans med förenklade tillverkningsmetoder. Ett sätt att lösa detta på, är att utveckla en kostnadseffektiv och miljövänlig process i stor skala för att framställa nanografit med hög elektrisk ledningsförmåga, så som grafén och grafitnanoflak.

I denna avhandling presenterar jag en ny process för att mekaniskt exfoliera grafit till nanografit storskaligt i vattendispersion, med en låg energiåtgång och under kontrollerade skjuvförhållanden. Processen är baserad på hydrodynamisk skjuvning i rör och denproducerar grafen samt nanometertunna och mikrometerbreda flak av nanografit. Som tillägg visar jag också hur robusta kompositer kan tillverkas med hög ledningsförmåga genom att tillsätta nanofibrillerad cellulosa under processen. Dessa kompositer är lämpliga som elektroder i applikationer från superkondensatorer och batterier till tryckt elektronik och solceller.Jag demonstrerar också en skalbar metod för rulle-till-rulle bestrykning av nanografit-nanocellulosa-materialet samt föreslår ett nytt lågkostnads-koncept för metall-fria superkondensatorer med vattenbaserad elektrolyt, där vi använt grafitfolie som kontakt. Superkondensatorerna hade mer än halva den specifika kapacitansen jämfört med kommersiella enheter men materialkostnaden var 90 % lägre, vilket visar på ett miljövänligt lågkostnadsalternativ till konventionella superkondensatorer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University, 2019. p. 90
Series
Mid Sweden University doctoral thesis, ISSN 1652-893X ; 297
Keywords
Graphene, Energy storage, Supercapacitors, EDLC
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36068 (URN)978-91-88527-99-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-05-10, O102, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 3 (inskickat), delarbete 5 (manuskript).

At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 3 (submitted), paper 5 (manuscript).

Available from: 2019-05-06 Created: 2019-05-02 Last updated: 2019-05-06Bibliographically approved

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Blomquist, NicklasAlimadadi, MajidHummelgård, MagnusDahlström, ChristinaOlsen, MartinOlin, Håkan

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