Mid Sweden University

The first/last mile (FM/LM) problem is directly connected to the accessibility of public transport, which in turn is linked to a reduction of problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion, and related health and environmental problems. Despite a growing interest of FM/LM studies, there is a lack of a common definition and framework. This study aims to define and develop a framework of the FM/LM problem and then evaluate the extent of FM/LM problems of public transport in a case study of Stockholm County. Thresholds are established using willingness to walk studies. A GIS service area model was built and used for case study relevant for the years 2019 and 2035.The first and last mile is defined as the distances between public transport and destination or residence, with problem areas defined as buildings outside of willingness to walk thresholds. Literature study shows a wide spread of thresholds, with individuals willing to walk further to faster services and a high willingness to walk in Stockholm compared to other cities. Almost all buildings currently lacking access to public transport are smaller houses in rural areas, with about a third being in holiday home areas. Future scenarios show that areas prioritized for development have access to public transport, with one exception; Arlanda/Märsta.The proposed method for evaluating FM/LM problems is less time-consuming and requires less data collection than some other methods, while still providing insight into areas lacking access to public transport. Most buildings in Stockholm currently have access to public transport, especially apartments and commercial buildings. Future development shows promise of improved public transport. However, if future development plans fail to account for population growth, the perceived accessibility of public transport will likely be negatively affected.