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Pettersson, R., Kronenberg, K. & Wallstam, M. (2023). En guide till turismekonomiska utvärderingar av evenemang. Östersund: Mid Sweden University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>En guide till turismekonomiska utvärderingar av evenemang
2023 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Aktörer och beslutsfattare på statlig, regional, kommunal och destinationsnivå, behöver veta vad evenemangen man stöder betyder för samhället. Kunskap om evenemangseffekter är viktig för att bestämma hur man bör förhålla sig till nuvarande och framtida evenemang. Inte minst efterfrågas de ekonomiska effekter som evenemang förväntas bidra med, då dessa ofta ligger till grund för synen på stöd, finansiering och samhällsnytta.

Syftet med guiden är att ge en snabb och populärvetenskaplig introduktion till turismekonomiska utvärderingar av evenemang så att de som beställer, utför, eller läser utvärderingar, får en översikt över de viktigaste frågorna att ställa för att kunna säkerställa att utvärderingen i fråga är ändamålsenlig. Guiden har framställts av forskare på ETOUR vid Mittuniversitetet. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Östersund: Mid Sweden University, 2023. p. 8
Series
Populärvetenskapliga serien / European Tourism Research Institute (ETOUR) ; 2023:1
Keywords
Evenemangseffekter, evenemang, hållbar utveckling
National Category
Social Sciences Other Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-48317 (URN)978-91-89786-20-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2023-05-15 Created: 2023-05-15 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M. (2022). Maintaining the status quo: the nature and role of policy stakeholders' perceptions of event value. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 13(2), 219-234
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Maintaining the status quo: the nature and role of policy stakeholders' perceptions of event value
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, ISSN 1758-2954, E-ISSN 1758-2962, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 219-234Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: This paper explores event value from the perspective of policy stakeholders and discusses potential implications of this stakeholder group's perceptions of value on event policy, event evaluation and the public discourse on the value of events. Design/methodology/approach: A thematic analysis is employed to analyze nine interviews from respondents who were deemed to fit the study criteria in the case of Östersund, Sweden. Findings: Findings indicate that value is portrayed in largely economic terms or in proxy-economic terms even though the respondents expressed awareness and concern for social aspects of value. Moreover, the article highlights the glaring omission of the relationship between policy stakeholders and the nature of evaluation efforts in the industry and academia. Originality/value: The article addresses a still somewhat unexplored dynamics between influential policy stakeholders and how events are regarded in terms of their potential contribution to community development. To what degree does the way the events sector and the general public value events emanate from the way events have been instrumentalized in policy throughout history? 

Keywords
Event evaluation, Event management, Event Policy, Event portfolio, Event value
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-44370 (URN)10.1108/IJEFM-06-2021-0053 (DOI)000753920800001 ()2-s2.0-85124401066 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-02-22 Created: 2022-02-22 Last updated: 2022-10-13Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M. (2022). “Panem et Circenses”: Realizing Social Value in the Strategic Management of Events. (Doctoral dissertation). Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>“Panem et Circenses”: Realizing Social Value in the Strategic Management of Events
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Social value has been historically overlooked in the practice of strategic event management. By this thesis I hope to stimulate debate and improve the standing of social value in this domain. To do so, multiple aspects of value are addressed. I incorporate perspectives from different stakeholder groups such as researchers, policymakers, organizers and community residents. I also explore value through the three stages of conceptualization, operationalization and instrumentalization, to build a full picture of how value is perceived, measured, and used in the events sector. The synthesis of these different aspects then informs a discussion about social value in the strategic management of events in tourism- and public policy. 

I built the thesis on the case of Jämtland, a peripheral region in the northern parts of Sweden that is known for its diverse and relatively forward-thinking event portfolio. I incorporate elements of both qualitative and quantitative methods to address the research problems presented in my papers, effectively making the thesis as a whole a mixed-methods study. Social constructionist theory underlies the synthesis of the four papers, assuming that multiple realities exist and that perceptions of value are co-created between individuals, within stakeholder groups and between the groups themselves. 

The thesis highlights the omission of social value from strategic event management and therefore also from the use of events in community development, ultimately suggesting ways in which this omission could be addressed. The specific events that feature in this case study are major sports events, but it is hoped that findings can inform the wider theory and practice of strategic event management based on disparate types and sizes of events.

Abstract [sv]

Evenemang har länge använts som verktyg för att uppnå politiska och turismstrategiska mål. Denna återkommande och växande ambition att använda evenemang för att uppnå externa mål bygger på vissa antaganden om deras värde. Exempelvis har evenemang, framför allt storskaliga sportevenemang, kommit att ses som en lågt hängande frukt för de samhällen som vill generera mer turism och stimulera ekonomisk tillväxt. Dock betraktas evenemang inte enbart som tillväxtmotorer utan också som positiva inslag i samhället när det gäller sociala värden.  

Dessa antaganden om ekonomiska och sociala värden som evenemang anses ge baseras dock ofta på begränsad evidens. Trots detta har antaganden om positiva evenemangseffekter blivit en ”sanning” efter årtionden av upprepad optimistisk retorik. Sociala värden i synnerhet saknar tydliga avgränsningar och definitioner, vilket betyder att de praktiker (ägare, arrangörer och politiker) som förespråkar evenemang baserat på deras sociala potential, ofta gör detta relativt oreflekterat och mer eller mindre i blindo.  

Denna avhandling avser att bidra till att åtgärda den ovanstående problematiken, genom att belysa hur koncepten värde och socialt värde uppfattas bland praktiker i evenemangssektorn. Avhandlingen granskar hur uppfattningar kring värde för närvarande överförs till strategiska åtgärder för att maximera nyttan av evenemang, samt hur socialt värde skulle kunna göras mer tillgängligt för de som vill använda evenemang som en drivkraft i samhällsutveckling. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University, 2022. p. 94
Series
Mid Sweden University doctoral thesis, ISSN 1652-893X ; 372
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-46265 (URN)978-91-89341-73-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-11-25, F234, Kunskapens Väg 8, Östersund, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-28 Created: 2022-10-13 Last updated: 2022-10-17Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M. & Kronenberg, K. (2022). The Role of Major Sports Events in Regional Communities: A Spatial Approach to the Analysis of Social Impacts. Event Management, 26(5), 1025-1039
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Role of Major Sports Events in Regional Communities: A Spatial Approach to the Analysis of Social Impacts
2022 (English)In: Event Management, ISSN 1525-9951, E-ISSN 1943-4308, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 1025-1039Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study aims to suggest a way through which policymakers can easily understand the nature of the social impacts of events through a spatial framing of such impacts. The case study is based on two major sports events, namely the Alpine and Biathlon World Championships, which took place within a small time frame in spring 2019 within the same region in Jämtland County, Sweden. As the region shares an overarching events strategy, the goal of which is to benefit the entire regional population, this study sets out to understand the spatial distribution of the social impacts of the above-mentioned two events, which, together, are branded as the World Championships Region. Using an SMS-based distribution method, and then applying a cluster analysis based to the 4886 acquired responses, this study identified patterns of social impact according to regional inhabitant perceptions across four social impact indicators. Results demonstrated that the strongest positive and negative reactions to the events came from residents in the host municipalities and the municipalities adjacent to where the events took place. Meanwhile, regional residents who felt a high degree of pride but little else in the form of social impact were primarily concentrated on the peripheries of the region. These findings suggested that whilst negative sentiments were not necessarily highest amongst those who could not access the events, these groups still exhibited a strong sense of emotional investment in the events and regional identity. Overall, this paper contributes to a deepened understanding of the social equity dimension of events in relation to space. It also shines a critical light on the often-held assumption that large-scale events in one location are unequivocally beneficial for all of the regions or nations that surround them.

Keywords
Cluster Analysis, Major Events, SMS Survey, Social Impacts, Spatial Analysis
National Category
Social and Economic Geography Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-44091 (URN)10.3727/152599522x16419948390781 (DOI)000820757600006 ()2-s2.0-85133807627 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-01-20 Created: 2022-01-20 Last updated: 2022-10-13Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M. & Kronenberg, K. (2019). Evenemangseffekter: Lärdomar av två VM. In: : . Paper presented at Almedalsveckan, Almedalen, Visby, 30 juni-7 juli, 2019.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evenemangseffekter: Lärdomar av två VM
2019 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Keywords
Evenemang, sociala effekter, ekonomiska effekter, Alpina VM, Skidskytte VM
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38138 (URN)
Conference
Almedalsveckan, Almedalen, Visby, 30 juni-7 juli, 2019
Available from: 2019-12-17 Created: 2019-12-17 Last updated: 2019-12-19Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M., Kronenberg, K. & Pettersson, R. (2019). Socio-Economic Impacts of Major Sports Events: An Analysis of the 2019 Alpine and Biathlon WorldChampionships in Sweden. Östersund: Mid Sweden University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Socio-Economic Impacts of Major Sports Events: An Analysis of the 2019 Alpine and Biathlon WorldChampionships in Sweden
2019 (English)Report (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Östersund: Mid Sweden University, 2019. p. 99
Series
Rapportserien / European Tourism Research Institute, ISSN 1403-4220 ; 2019:3
Keywords
Economic impact, social impact, socio-economic impact, events, sport, tourism, biathlon, alpine, world championships
National Category
Economics and Business Social and Economic Geography Other Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38135 (URN)978-91-88947-21-5 (ISBN)
Available from: 2019-12-17 Created: 2019-12-17 Last updated: 2020-02-06Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M. & Kronenberg, K. (2019). Sports events and regional development: Lessons from a “World Championships Region”. In: The Diversity of Leisure: Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies (ANZALS) 14th Biennial Conference. Paper presented at Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies (ANZALS), 14th Biennial Conference. Dunedin: University of Otago
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sports events and regional development: Lessons from a “World Championships Region”
2019 (English)In: The Diversity of Leisure: Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies (ANZALS) 14th Biennial Conference, Dunedin: University of Otago , 2019Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Mega events are often associated with neoliberal lines of reasoning about short-term job creation and place branding. Their proponents often suggest that events taking place in one locality provide benefits to their surrounding regions and, perhaps, to entire nations. Such arguments often stem from organizing committees and event advocates who defend bidding endeavors. Whereas this has been the dominant narrative for decades (especially concerning mega sporting events), increased attention is starting to be directed towards the potential of events as catalysts for development. In the Swedish region of Jämtland, a research project has been commissioned in connection with the Alpineand Biathlon World Championships, planned to take place during the spring of 2019. Uniquely, both of these events are being hosted in the exact same region only weeks apart. The study aims to examine the aggregated economic and social impacts that these two major events will have on the region as a whole. The economic impact study will apply direct and indirect economic impact modelling whereas the social impacts will be gauged from the perspective of the local community and mapped municipality-by-municipality to understand the spatial distribution of regional social impacts. By taking a holistic approach to event evaluation, we hope to shed light on how communities not immediately adjacent to major sporting events are impacted. Moreover, we will gain a better understanding of how the perceived level of empowerment and ownership of a sporting event, impacts its social legacy. Through an evaluation of direct and indirect impacts on a regional level, this study should shed more light on the true long-term sustainability of major- and mega- sporting events and their ability to act as levers in community development. Findings from the study will be presented at the conference.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Dunedin: University of Otago, 2019
Keywords
Community development, evaluation, sports events, leverage
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38139 (URN)978-0-473-50043-6 (ISBN)
Conference
Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies (ANZALS), 14th Biennial Conference
Available from: 2019-12-17 Created: 2019-12-17 Last updated: 2019-12-18Bibliographically approved
Wallstam, M., Ioannides, D. & Pettersson, R. (2018). Evaluating the social impacts of events: in search of unified indicators for effective policymaking. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 12(2), 122-141
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluating the social impacts of events: in search of unified indicators for effective policymaking
2018 (English)In: Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, ISSN 1940-7963, E-ISSN 1940-7971, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 122-141Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Policymakers in destinations regularly struggle to identify effective ways to evaluate the impacts of planned events. Especially problematic is the relative lack of knowledge about the social impacts that planned events incur. This challenge is largely attributable to the historic focus on economic impacts. However, this trend is shifting along with the realization that events often fail to deliver on promised economic trickle-down effects. This paper addresses the absence of a unified view on social impacts, and how this impedes destinations that aspire to work strategically with planned events. Policymakers at the destination level currently lack the common language needed to effectively measure these impacts. We use a Delphi approach to pinpoint social impact indicators that are of use in policy settings. The results show six indicators that meet the study criteria, thereby contributing towards a unified set of indicators for dealing with strategic event management at the destination level.

Keywords
Delphi, destination management, event portfolio, Events, social impacts
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34608 (URN)10.1080/19407963.2018.1515214 (DOI)000550552400001 ()2-s2.0-85053278225 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-10-03 Created: 2018-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-13Bibliographically approved
Nordvall, A. & Wallstam, M. (2016). Utvärdera festivalbesökare och deras upplevelser. Östersund: Mittuniversitetet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Utvärdera festivalbesökare och deras upplevelser
2016 (Swedish)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Östersund: Mittuniversitetet, 2016. p. 22
Series
Rapportserien / European Tourism Research Institute, ISSN 1403-4220 ; 2016: 1
Keywords
Evenemang, Festival, Besökare, Utvärdering, Festivalupplevelse
National Category
Human Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-26900 (URN)ETOUR (Local ID)978-91-88025-53-1 (ISBN)ETOUR (Archive number)ETOUR (OAI)
Available from: 2016-01-18 Created: 2016-01-18 Last updated: 2018-11-21Bibliographically approved
Brown, S., Getz, D., Pettersson, R. & Wallstam, M. (2015). Event evaluation: Definitions, concepts and a state of the art review. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(2), 135-157
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Event evaluation: Definitions, concepts and a state of the art review
2015 (English)In: International Journal of Event and Festival Management, ISSN 1758-2954, E-ISSN 1758-2962, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 135-157Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define event evaluation, develop a conceptual model of its process and elements, review pertinent literature, and draw conclusions pertaining both to the discourse on evaluation and its praxis. Design/methodology/approach – General review of literature and development of a conceptual model of the evaluation process. Findings – The review suggests that impact assessments have dominated, but are only one type of evaluation; research and papers on evaluating the worth of events has been minimal, while those on the evaluation of various management and marketing functions is fragmented. Research limitations/implications – It is concluded that little has been written about evaluation paradigms and systems, although the discourse on sustainability and triple bottom line accountability has led to a greater emphasis on non-economic considerations. Originality/value – The conceptual model of the evaluation process and its components offers a systematic approach to shaping evaluation discourse and methods. Conclusions are drawn on how to advance evaluation research and methods applied to events. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Keywords
Evaluation worth, Impact assessment, Measures, Methods, Value, Worth
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25805 (URN)10.1108/IJEFM-03-2015-0014 (DOI)000214047000006 ()2-s2.0-84936992275 (Scopus ID)ETOUR (Local ID)ETOUR (Archive number)ETOUR (OAI)
Note

Export Date: 28 August 2015

Available from: 2015-09-23 Created: 2015-08-28 Last updated: 2020-09-21Bibliographically approved
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Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9322-1299

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